shell脚本---常用命令read

• 用途

Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.

从标准输入读取一行，将这行分配给fields

Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD

从文件描述符FD(如果-u选项提供了描述符)或者标准输入读取一行
if the -u option is supplied.  The line is split into fields as with word
splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second
word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to
the last NAME.  Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word
delimiters.

将这行分割赋值给fields（就像单词分割一样），将第一个单词赋值给第一个NAME，第二个单词赋值给第二个NAME，依次这样等等，最后剩余的赋值给最后的名字。在$IFS中的字符被识别为单词分割符。

 If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.

如果没有NAME提供，line的read被存储在返回变量中

• 格式

read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...] 

序号	选项	描述
1	-a array	assign the words read to sequential indices of the array variable ARRAY, starting at zero
2	-d delim	continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather than newline
3	-e	use Readline to obtain the line
4	-i text	use TEXT as the initial text for Readline
5	-n nchars	return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter
6	-N nchars	return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter
7	-p prompt	output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before attempting to read
8	-r	do not allow backslashes to escape any characters
9	-s	do not echo input coming from a terminal
10	-t timeout	time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds.  The value of the TMOUT variable is the default timeout.  TIMEOUT may be a fractional number.  If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately, without trying to read any data, returning success only if input is available on the specified file descriptor.  The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded
11	-u fd	read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input

Exit Status:
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out
(in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,
or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.

• 实例