iphone 线程总结— detachNewThreadSelector的使用

不管是iphone中还是其他的操作系统，多线程在各种编程语言中都是难点，很多语言中实现起来很麻烦，objective-c虽然源于c,但其多线程编程却相当简单，可以与java相媲美。多线程编程是防止主线程堵塞，增加运行效率等等的最佳方法。而原始的多线程方法存在很多的毛病，包括线程锁死等。

一、线程创建与启动

线程创建主要有二种方式：

(id)init; // designated initializer  
(id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:  
(SEL)selector object:(id)argument; 
当然，还有一种比较特殊，就是使用所谓的convenient method，这个方法可以直接生成一个线程并启动它，而且无需为线程的清理负责。这个方法的接口是：

(void)detachNewThreadSelector:  
(SEL)aSelector toTarget:  
(id)aTarget withObject:  
(id)anArgument 
前两种方法创建后，需要手机启动，启动的方法是：

(void)start; 
二、线程的同步与锁

要说明线程的同步与锁，最好的例子可能就是多个窗口同时售票的售票系统了。我们知道在java中，使用synchronized来同步，而iphone虽然没有提供类似java下的synchronized关键字，但提供了NSCondition对象接口。查看NSCondition的接口说明可以看出，NSCondition是iphone下的锁对象，所以我们可以使用NSCondition实现iphone中的线程安全。这是来源于网上的一个例子：

SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件

// SellTicketsAppDelegate.h  
import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 
@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {  
     int tickets;  
     int count;  
     NSThread* ticketsThreadone;  
     NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;  
     NSCondition* ticketsCondition;  
     UIWindow *window;  
}  
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;  
@end  
SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件  
// SellTicketsAppDelegate.m  
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"  
@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate  
@synthesize window;  
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {  
     tickets = 100;  
     count = 0;  
     // 锁对象  
     ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];  
     ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];  
     [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];  
     [ticketsThreadone start];  
     ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo start];  
     //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];  
      // Override point for customization after application launch  
     [window makeKeyAndVisible];  

}  

- (void)run{  
     while (TRUE) {  
     // 上锁  
         [ticketsCondition lock];  
         if(tickets > 0){  
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];  
             count = 100 - tickets;  
             NSLog(@"当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);  
             tickets--;  
         }else{  
             break;  
         }  
         [ticketsCondition unlock];  
     }  
}  
- (void)dealloc {  
[ticketsThreadone release];  
     [ticketsThreadtwo release];  
     [ticketsCondition release];   
     [window release];  
     [super dealloc];  
}  
@end 
三、线程的交互

线程在运行过程中，可能需要与其它线程进行通信，如在主线程中修改界面等等，可以使用如下接口：

(void)performSelectorOnMainThread:  
(SEL)aSelector withObject:  
(id)arg waitUntilDone:  
(BOOL)wait 
由于在本过程中，可能需要释放一些资源，则需要使用NSAutoreleasePool来进行管理,如：

(void)startTheBackgroundJob {       
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];  
    // to do something in your thread job  
    ...  
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];  
    [pool release];  
} 

举例说明怎么简单的创建一个子线程。

用到的类是NSThread类，这里使用detachNewTheadSelector:toTagaet:withObject创建一个线程。

函数setupThread:(NSArray*)userInfor。通过userInfor将需要的数据传到线程中。

函数定义：

[代码]c#/cpp/oc代码：
01
-(void)setupThread:(NSArray*)userInfor{
02

03
   [NSThread
 detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(threadFunc:) toTarget:self withObject:(id)userInfor];
04

05
}
06

07
-
 (void)threadFunc:(id)userInfor{
08

09
   NSAutoreleasePool*pool
 = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
10

11
   //。。。。需要做的处理。
12

13
   //这里线程结束后立即返回
14

15
  [self
 performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(endThread) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
16

17
  [pool
 release];
18

19
}

performSelectorOnMainThread通知主线程执行函数endThread。也可以使用performSelector:onThread:withObject:waitUntil 通知某线程执行线程结束后的处理。

线程内不要刷新界面。如果需要刷新界面，通过performSelectorOnMainThread，调出主线程中的方法去刷新。



例如，启动一个线程下载图片：

//启动线程

[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(downloadImage:) toTarget:self withObject:url];

//线程函数

[代码]c#/cpp/oc代码：
01
-
 (void)
 downloadImage:(NSString*)url{
02

03
    _subThreed
 = [NSThread currentThread];
04

05
    self.uploadPool
 = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
06
    self.characterBuffer
 = [NSMutableData data];
07
    done
 = NO;
08
    [[NSURLCache
 sharedURLCache] removeAllCachedResponses];
09

10
    NSMutableURLRequest
 *theRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURLURLWithString:url]];
11

12
    self.connection
 = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];
13
    [self
 performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectStart) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
14
    if (connection
 != nil) {
15
        do {
16
            [[NSRunLoop
 currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
17
        } while (!done);
18
    }
19

20
    self.photo
 = [UIImage imageWithData:characterBuffer];
21

22

23
    //下载结束，刷新
24
    [self
 performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(fillPhoto) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
25

26
    //
 Release resources used only in this thread.
27
    self.connection
 = nil;
28
    [uploadPool
 release];
29
    self.uploadPool
 = nil;
30

31
    _subThreed
 = nil;
32
}
33

34

35

36
#pragma
 mark NSURLConnection Delegate methods
37

38
/*
39
 Disable
 caching so that each time we run this app we are starting with a clean slate. You may not want to do this in your application.
40
 */
41
-
 (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
42

43
    return nil;
44
}
45

46
//
 Forward errors to the delegate.
47
-
 (void)connection:(NSURLConnection
 *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
48
    done
 = YES;
49
    [self
 performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectEnd) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
50
    [characterBuffer
 setLength:0];
51

52
}
53

54
//
 Called when a chunk of data has been downloaded.
55
-
 (void)connection:(NSURLConnection
 *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
56
    //
 Process the downloaded chunk of data.
57

58
    [characterBuffer
 appendData:data];
59

60
}
61

62
-
 (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection
 *)connection {
63

64
    [self
 performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(httpConnectEnd) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
65
    //
 Set the condition which ends the run loop.
66
    done
 = YES;
67

68
} 


首先我们需要创建一个线程有两种方法：

- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument

+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument

因为第二种方法不用对线程进行清理，所以我们常用第二种哦个方法。

[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(new:) toTarget:self withObject:nil];

- (void)new:(id)sender{

[_myCondition lock];

//performSelectorInBackgroud主要进行逻辑上处理

[self performSelectorInBackgroud:@selector(doInBackgroud:) withObject:nil];

//perfomSelectorOnMainThread主要进行界面UI上的处理

[self perfomSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(doOnMain:) withObject:nil];

//[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:n];

[_myCondition signal];

[_myCondition unlock];

[NSThread exit];

return;

}