sql求两个查询结果的差集，交集等报错：ORA-12704:character set mismatch(字符集不匹配)

1.原因：两部分查询结果字段对应类型不一致，直接拿栗子：

select o.obsvelmtpk,o.starttime,o.endtime,a.obsvelmtname,o.obsvmode from tab_omin_meta_obsvelmt o ,
(select  m.endtime, 
       decode(m.obsvelmtname,'大型蒸发量','蒸发量',m.obsvelmtname)  obsvelmtname , 
       m.obsvelmtpk, m.obsvmode
  from obsvelmt m, network n
 where substr(m.obsvelmtpk, 1, 36) = n.networkpk
   and n.networktype ='01'
   and n.networklevel='014'
   and m.endtime = '99999999'
   and m.obsvmode is not null
   and m.obsvelmtname is not null
minus
select  m.endtime, 
  m.obsvelmtname, 
  m.obsvelmtpk, m.obsvmode
  from obsvelmt m,
       network  n,
       chginfo  c
 where substr(m.obsvelmtpk, 1, 36) = n.networkpk
   and c.networkpk = n.networkpk
   and c.chginfotype = '1'
   and c.chgitemid = '07'
   and n.networktype ='01'
   and n.networklevel='014'
   and m.endtime = '99999999'
   and c.value02= '99999999'
   and m.obsvmode is not null
   and decode(m.obsvelmtname,'大型蒸发量','蒸发量',m.obsvelmtname) = c.value03) a
   where o.obsvelmtpk=a.obsvelmtpk

说明：求两部分的差集。obsvelmtname在表中的类型是NVARCHAR2，前后两部分的obsvelmtname都是obsvelmt中的字段，怎么就会报错呢？原因：将obsvelmtname使用decode（）方法后，这个字段的类型就变了，不再是NVARCHAR2；上部分obsvelmtname数据类型和下部分不一致，所以报错，我们可以对下部分的obsvelmtname也decode一下，保持字段类型一致就可以了。