std::priority_queue

Priority queues are a type of container adaptors, specifically designed such that its first element is always the greatest of the elements it contains, according to some strict weak ordering criterion.

This context is similar to a heap, where elements can be inserted at any moment, and only the max heap element can be retrieved (the one at the top in the priority queue).
简单说，运用最大堆的实现，队列头数据用于是最大的那个。
用法示例：

#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <queue>          // std::priority_queue

int main ()
{
  std::priority_queue<int> mypq;

  mypq.push(30);
  mypq.push(100);
  mypq.push(25);
  mypq.push(40);

  std::cout << "Popping out elements...";
  while (!mypq.empty())
  {
     std::cout << ' ' << mypq.top();
     mypq.pop();
  }
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}