python基础教程学习笔记八

第八章 异常

Python中使用异常对象来表示异常情况

>>> 1/0

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"<pyshell#85>", line 1, in <module>

1/0

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

自定义异常 类似于java中的throws

>>> raise Exception

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"<pyshell#86>", line 1, in <module>

raise Exception

Exception

>>> raise Exception('hyperdrive overload')

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"<pyshell#87>", line 1, in <module>

raiseException('hyperdrive overload')

Exception: hyperdrive overload

常见的异常类

BaseException

+--SystemExit

+--KeyboardInterrupt

+--GeneratorExit

+--Exception

+--StopIteration

+--ArithmeticError

|+--FloatingPointError

|+--OverflowError

|+--ZeroDivisionError

+--AssertionError

+--AttributeError

+--BufferError

+--EOFError

+--ImportError

+--LookupError

|+--IndexError

|+--KeyError

+--MemoryError

+--NameError

|+--UnboundLocalError

+--OSError

|+--BlockingIOError

|+--ChildProcessError

|+--ConnectionError

||+--BrokenPipeError

||+--ConnectionAbortedError

||+--ConnectionRefusedError

||+--ConnectionResetError

|+--FileExistsError

|+--FileNotFoundError

|+--InterruptedError

|+--IsADirectoryError

|+--NotADirectoryError

|+--PermissionError

|+--ProcessLookupError

|+--TimeoutError

+--ReferenceError

+--RuntimeError

|+--NotImplementedError

+--SyntaxError

|+--IndentationError

|+--TabError

+--SystemError

+--TypeError

+--ValueError

|+--UnicodeError

|+--UnicodeDecodeError

|+--UnicodeEncodeError

|+--UnicodeTranslateError

+--Warning

+--DeprecationWarning

+--PendingDeprecationWarning

+--RuntimeWarning

+--SyntaxWarning

+--UserWarning

+--FutureWarning

+--ImportWarning

+--UnicodeWarning

+--BytesWarning

+--ResourceWarning

自定义异常

>>> class SomeCustomException(Exception):pass

>>> raise SomeCustomException

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"<pyshell#8>", line 1, in <module>

raise SomeCustomException

SomeCustomException

捕捉异常

#未捕捉

x=input('enter the first number:')

y=input('enter the second number:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

enter the first number:2

enter the second number:1

2.0

enter the first number:1

enter the second number:0

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"D:/workspace_python/exception.py", line 3, in <module>

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

#捕捉

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except ZeroDivisionError:

print('The second numbercan not be zero')

enter the first number:1

enter the second number:0

The second number can not be zero

多个except子句

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except ZeroDivisionError:

print('The second number can not be zero')

except TypeError:

print('that was a number,was it?')

一个块捕捉多个异常

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except (ZeroDivisionError,TypeError):

print('your numbers were bogus')

捕捉对象:

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print('The second numbercan not be zero')

print(e)

enter the first number:1

enter the second number:0

The second number can not be zero

division by zero

全捕捉

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except:

print('someThing wronghappended')

enter the first number:1

enter the second number:0

someThing wrong happended

Filally子句

try:

x=input('enter the firstnumber:')

y=input('enter the secondnumber:')

z=eval(x)/eval(y)

print (z)

except:

print('someThing wronghappended')

finally:

print('clenaing up...')

enter the first number:1

enter the second number:0

someThing wrong happended

clenaing up...

向上传播:

可以使用raise抛出异常