l4-d6 单链表的操作实现

一、链表的反转

设计算法,将单链表H倒置

算法思路:依次取原链表中各结点,将其作为新链表首结点插入H结点之后。

 

int list_reverse(linklist H) {
	linklist p;
	linklist q;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (H->next == NULL || H->next->next == NULL) {
		return 0;
	}

	p = H->next->next;
	H->next->next = NULL;

	while (p != NULL) {
		q = p;//辅助指针p
		p = p->next;//p后移

		q->next = H->next;//先连后继
		H->next = q;//再连前驱
	}

	return 0;
}

 二、链表求相邻两个结点最大值

设结点data域为整型,求链表中相邻两结点data值之和为最大的第一结点的指针。

算法思路:设p,q 分别为链表中相邻两结点指针,求p->data+q->data为最大的那一组值,返回其相应的指针p即可

linklist list_adjmax(linklist H, data_t *value) {
	linklist p, q, r;
	data_t sum;

	if (H == NULL){
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return NULL;
	}
    //只有头节点||只有一个节点||只有两个节点,均不满足
	if (H->next == NULL || H->next->next == NULL || H->next->next->next == NULL) {
		return H;
	}

	q = H->next;//第一个节点
	p = H->next->next;//p = q->next;//第二个节点
	r = q;//辅助指针
	sum = q->data + p->data;//求和

	while (p->next != NULL) {//循环条件:p之后还有节点
		p = p->next;//p后移
		q = q->next;//q后移
		if (sum < q->data + p->data) {
			sum = q->data + p->data;//更新求和
			r = q;
		}
	}

	*value = sum;

	return r;
}

三、有序链表合并

设两单链表A、B按data值(设为整型)递增有序,将表A和B合并成一表A,且表A也按data值递增有序。

算法思路:设指针p、q分别指向表A和B中的结点,若p->data ≤q->data则p结点进入结果表,否则q结点进入结果表。

int list_merge(linklist H1, linklist H2) {
	linklist p, q, r;

	if (H1 == NULL || H2 == NULL) {
		printf("H1 || H2 is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	p = H1->next;//H1的第一个节点
	q = H2->next;//H2的第一个节点
	r = H1;//辅助指针,标记表尾
	H1->next = NULL;//断开
	H2->next = NULL;//断开

	while (p && q) {//循环条件:p、q均存在
		if (p->data <= q->data) {
			r->next = p;//连接
			p = p->next;//p后移
			r = r->next;//r后移
			r->next = NULL;//断开
		} else {
			r ->next = q;
			q = q->next;
			r = r->next;
			r->next = NULL;
		}
	}
    //剩下的直接连在表尾
	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	}else {
		r->next = p;
	}

	return 0;
}

四、代码

头文件linklist.h

typedef int data_t;

typedef struct node {
	data_t data;
	struct node * next;
}listnode, * linklist;

linklist list_create();
int list_tail_insert(linklist H, data_t value);//head
linklist list_get(linklist H, int pos);
int list_insert(linklist H, data_t value, int pos);
int list_delete(linklist H, int pos);
int list_show(linklist H);
linklist list_free(linklist H);
int list_reverse(linklist H);
linklist list_adjmax(linklist H, data_t *value);
int list_merge(linklist H1, linklist H2);

源程序linklist.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "linklist.h"

linklist list_create() {
	linklist H;

	H = (linklist)malloc(sizeof(listnode));
	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("malloc failed\n");
		return H;
	}

	H->data = 0;
	H->next = NULL;

	return H;
}

int list_tail_insert(linklist H, data_t value) {
	linklist p;
	linklist q;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//1 new node p
	if ((p = (linklist)malloc(sizeof(listnode))) == NULL) {
		printf("malloc failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	p->data = value;
	p->next = NULL;

	//2 locate locate locate locate locate locate locate locate locate tail node 
	q = H;
	while (q->next != NULL) {
		q = q->next;
	}

	//3 insert
	q->next = p;

	return 0;
}

linklist list_get(linklist H, int pos) {
	linklist p;
	int i;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (pos == -1) {
		return H;
	}

	if (pos < -1) {
		printf("pos is invalid\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	p = H;
	i = -1;
	while (i < pos) {
		p = p->next;
		if (p == NULL) {
			printf("pos is invalid\n");
			return NULL;
		}
		i++;
	}

	return p;
}

int list_insert(linklist H, data_t value, int pos) {
	linklist p;
	linklist q;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//1 locate node p (pos-1)
	p = list_get(H, pos-1);
	if (p == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	//2 new node q
	if ((q = (linklist)malloc(sizeof(listnode))) == NULL) {
		printf("malloc failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	q->data = value;
	q->next = NULL;

	//3 insert
	q->next = p->next;
	p->next = q;

	return 0;
}

int list_delete(linklist H, int pos) {
	linklist p;
	linklist q;

	//1
	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//2 locate prior
	p = list_get(H, pos-1);
	if (p == NULL) 
		return -1;
	if (p->next == NULL) {
		printf("delete pos is invalid\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//3 update list
	q = p->next;
	p->next = q->next;//p->next = p->next->next;

	//4 free
	printf("free:%d\n", q->data);
	free(q);
	q = NULL;

	return 0;
}

int list_show(linklist H) {
	linklist p;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	p = H;

	while (p->next != NULL) {
		printf("%d ", p->next->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
	puts("");

	return 0;
}

linklist list_free(linklist H) {
	linklist p;

	if (H == NULL) 
		return NULL;

	p = H;

	printf("free:");
	while (H != NULL) {
		p = H;
		printf("%d ", p->data);
		free(p);
		H = H->next;
	}
	puts("");

	return NULL;
}

int list_reverse(linklist H) {
	linklist p;
	linklist q;

	if (H == NULL) {
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (H->next == NULL || H->next->next == NULL) {
		return 0;
	}

	p = H->next->next;
	H->next->next = NULL;

	while (p != NULL) {
		q = p;
		p = p->next;

		q->next = H->next;
		H->next = q;
	}

	return 0;
}

linklist list_adjmax(linklist H, data_t *value) {
	linklist p, q, r;
	data_t sum;

	if (H == NULL){
		printf("H is NULL\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (H->next == NULL || H->next->next == NULL || H->next->next->next == NULL) {
		return H;
	}

	q = H->next;
	p = H->next->next;//p = q->next;
	r = q;
	sum = q->data + p->data;

	while (p->next != NULL) {
		p = p->next;
		q = q->next;
		if (sum < q->data + p->data) {
			sum = q->data + p->data;
			r = q;
		}
	}

	*value = sum;

	return r;
}

int list_merge(linklist H1, linklist H2) {
	linklist p, q, r;

	if (H1 == NULL || H2 == NULL) {
		printf("H1 || H2 is NULL\n");
		return -1;
	}

	p = H1->next;
	q = H2->next;
	r = H1;
	H1->next = NULL;
	H2->next = NULL;

	while (p && q) {
		if (p->data <= q->data) {
			r->next = p;
			p = p->next;
			r = r->next;
			r->next = NULL;
		} else {
			r ->next = q;
			q = q->next;
			r = r->next;
			r->next = NULL;
		}
	}

	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	}else {
		r->next = p;
	}

	return 0;
}

测试文件test.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "linklist.h"

void test_get();
void test_insert();
void test_delete();
void test_reverse();
void test_adjmax();

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	linklist H1, H2;
	int a[] = {1, 4, 6, 8, 10};
	int b[] = {2, 4, 16, 18, 30};
	int i;

	H1 = list_create();
	if (H1 == NULL)
		return;

	H2 = list_create();
	if (H2 == NULL)
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(a)/sizeof(int); i++) {
		list_tail_insert(H1, a[i]);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(b)/sizeof(int); i++) {
		list_tail_insert(H2, b[i]);
	}

	list_show(H1);
	list_show(H2);

	list_merge(H1, H2);
	printf("merge:\n");

	list_show(H1);
	list_show(H2);

	list_free(H1);
	list_free(H2);

	return 0;
}

void test_adjmax() {
	linklist H;
	linklist r;
	int value;
	int sum;
	
	H = list_create();
	if (H == NULL)
		return;

	printf("input:");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &value);
		if (value == -1)
			break;
		list_tail_insert(H, value);
		printf("input:");
	}
	list_show(H);

	r = list_adjmax(H, &sum);
	if (r != NULL && r != H) {
		printf("data=%d, sum=%d\n", r->data, sum);
	}

	list_show(H);

	list_free(H);

}
void test_reverse() {
	linklist H;
	int value;
	
	H = list_create();
	if (H == NULL)
		return ;

	printf("input:");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &value);
		if (value == -1)
			break;
		list_tail_insert(H, value);
		printf("input:");
	}
	
	list_show(H);
	list_reverse(H);
	list_show(H);

	list_free(H);

}

void test_delete() {
	linklist H;
	int value;
	
	H = list_create();
	if (H == NULL)
		return;

	printf("input:");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &value);
		if (value == -1)
			break;
		list_tail_insert(H, value);
		printf("input:");
	}
	
	list_show(H);
	printf("H=%p\n", H);
	H = list_free(H);
	printf("H=%p\n", H);
	list_delete(H, -4);//1 3 5 7
	list_show(H);

	list_free(H);

}

void test_get() {
	linklist H;
	int value;
	linklist p;
	
	H = list_create();
	if (H == NULL)
		return;

	printf("input:");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &value);
		if (value == -1)
			break;
		list_tail_insert(H, value);
		printf("input:");
	}
	
	list_show(H);

	p = list_get(H, 4);//1 3 5 7
	if (p != NULL)
		printf("value=%d\n", p->data);
}

void test_insert() {
	linklist H;
	int value;
	
	H = list_create();
	if (H == NULL)
		return;

	printf("input:");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &value);
		if (value == -1)
			break;
		list_tail_insert(H, value);
		printf("input:");
	}
	
	list_show(H);
	list_insert(H, 100, 0);//1 3 5 7
	list_show(H);
}

五、作业

写一个函数,实现链表的排序(使链表中元素的从无序到有序,要求从小到大)

linklist list_ sort(linklist H){
    linklist p, q, r,s;

    if (H == NULL) {
        printf("H is NULL\n");
        return NULL ;
    }

    p = H->next;
    H ->next = NULL ;
    while(p){
        q = p ->next;
        r=H;
        S = r->next;
        while (S && s->data <= p->data){
            r = s;
            s = s ->next ;
        }
        p->next = s;
        r->next = p;
        p = q;
    }
    return H;
}

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