MySQL 5.7 (1启动方式)

加载配置文件顺序：/etc/my.cnf---->/etc/mysql/my.cnf----->/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf---->~/.my.cnf
后面配置文件会覆盖前面配置文件设置的参数
如果/etc/my.cnf配置文件定义了innodb_buffer_pool_size=100M 而/etc/mysql/my.cnf配置文件定义了innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M 则会加载200M的参数

open("/proc/self/status", O_RDONLY)     = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe7602eb000
read(3, "Name:\tmysqld\nState:\tR (running)\n"..., 1024) = 917
read(3, "", 1024)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0x7fe7602eb000, 4096)            = 0
futex(0x3b550f1d08, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 2147483647) = 0
stat("/etc/my.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2479, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/my.cnf", O_RDONLY)           = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2479, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe7602eb000
read(3, "#my.cnf\n[client]\nport           "..., 4096) = 2479
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
munmap(0x7fe7602eb000, 4096)            = 0
stat("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/root/.my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0)   = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=1024, rlim_max=4*1024}) = 0
setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=65535, rlim_max=65535}) = 0
getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=65535, rlim_max=65535}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 1052672, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe75ffd0000

最佳启动方式：
[root@vm-test1 data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 3348
[root@vm-test1 data]# 
[root@vm-test1 data]# ps -ef |grep mysql
mysql      3348   3114  4 10:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
root       3380   3114  0 10:03 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@vm-test1 data]# 


多实例启动方式：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf & #调用 mysqld
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf &   #推荐方式
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306                  #关闭不了数据库，perl 脚本 调用 mysqld_safe和mysqld


几种启动方式关系：
service mysqld start 调用 mysqld_safe 调用 mysqld
Mysqld_multi既可以直接调用mysql_safe 也可以直接调用mysqld


mysqld_safe启动分析
可以读取的配置部分mysqld、server、mysqld_safe


操作系统文件数限制参数配置
Open files 和 max_user_processes参数修改 一个连接占用一个线程
/etc/security/limits.conf

[root@vm-test1 data]# ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 14708
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 1024
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 14708
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited
[root@vm-test1 data]# 

Mysqld_multi 用于管理多实例启动的一个脚本


读取配置文件中的[mysqld_multi],[mysqldN] N需要是一个整数，建议使用端口号表示，这部分的配置在配置文件里面会覆盖[mysqld]部分中的配置


[mysqld_multi]
mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user=root
password=xxxxxxxxx
log=/data/mysql/mysqld_muti.log


#(这里的user、password自己指定，该账号需要有shutdown权限)


[mysqld3306]
port=3306
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
socket/tmp/mysql3306.sock
server-id=203306
log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin


调用方式
mysqld_multi start|stop|reload|report  {port}
*mysqld_multi只能识别的配置文件就是在my.cnf，其他配置文件不能识别


环境演示：mysql多实例3306 3307 3308
/etc/my.cnf


使用mysqld_muiti关闭实例BUG修复，不能正常关机
my_print_defaults 参数
发现问题 密码不能识别，密码不能传递
vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi
在my_print_defaults 后面添加-s参数


可以正常关闭多实例
*Mysql遇到启动错误的第一时间记得看error.log


 常见启动错误：


1、权限错误


故障模拟：


mysqld_multi stop 3306
chown root:root mysql3306/ -R
开始启动3306实例 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
这个时候发现并起不来，直接退出了


使用strace命令进行追踪
strace /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  2>&1|tee log
再将权限改回来 很简单 就是一个排查的思路 记得使用strace
Chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/  -R


2、参数配置错误导致MySQL起不来
查看error.log都能找到原因
*确保getenforce为disabled状态
perror查看代码错误信息