mysql5.5.49的启动方式_MySQL 5.7 (1启动方式)

加载配置文件顺序：/etc/my.cnf---->/etc/mysql/my.cnf----->/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf---->~/.my.cnf

后面配置文件会覆盖前面配置文件设置的参数

如果/etc/my.cnf配置文件定义了innodb_buffer_pool_size=100M 而/etc/mysql/my.cnf配置文件定义了innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M 则会加载200M的参数

open("/proc/self/status", O_RDONLY) = 3

fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0

mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe7602eb000

read(3, "Name:\tmysqld\nState:\tR (running)\n"..., 1024) = 917

read(3, "", 1024) = 0

close(3) = 0

munmap(0x7fe7602eb000, 4096) = 0

futex(0x3b550f1d08, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 2147483647) = 0

stat("/etc/my.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2479, ...}) = 0

open("/etc/my.cnf", O_RDONLY) = 3

fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2479, ...}) = 0

mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe7602eb000

read(3, "#my.cnf\n[client]\nport "..., 4096) = 2479

read(3, "", 4096) = 0

close(3) = 0

munmap(0x7fe7602eb000, 4096) = 0

stat("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

stat("/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

stat("/root/.my.cnf", 0x7fff3fce89a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=1024, rlim_max=4*1024}) = 0

setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=65535, rlim_max=65535}) = 0

getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=65535, rlim_max=65535}) = 0

mmap(NULL, 1052672, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe75ffd0000

最佳启动方式：

[root@vm-test1 data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

[1] 3348

[root@vm-test1 data]#

[root@vm-test1 data]# ps -ef |grep mysql

mysql      3348   3114  4 10:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

root       3380   3114  0 10:03 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysql

[root@vm-test1 data]#

多实例启动方式：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf & #调用 mysqld

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf &   #推荐方式

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306                  #关闭不了数据库，perl 脚本 调用 mysqld_safe和mysqld

几种启动方式关系：

service mysqld start 调用 mysqld_safe 调用 mysqld

Mysqld_multi既可以直接调用mysql_safe 也可以直接调用mysqld

mysqld_safe启动分析

可以读取的配置部分mysqld、server、mysqld_safe

操作系统文件数限制参数配置

Open files 和 max_user_processes参数修改 一个连接占用一个线程

/etc/security/limits.conf

[root@vm-test1 data]# ulimit -a

core file size (blocks, -c) 0

data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited

scheduling priority (-e) 0

file size (blocks, -f) unlimited

pending signals (-i) 14708

max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64

max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited

open files (-n) 1024

pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8

POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200

real-time priority (-r) 0

stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240

cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited

max user processes (-u) 14708

virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited

file locks (-x) unlimited

[root@vm-test1 data]#

Mysqld_multi 用于管理多实例启动的一个脚本 读取配置文件中的[mysqld_multi],[mysqldN] N需要是一个整数，建议使用端口号表示，这部分的配置在配置文件里面会覆盖[mysqld]部分中的配置 [mysqld_multi] mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user=root password=xxxxxxxxx log=/data/mysql/mysqld_muti.log #(这里的user、password自己指定，该账号需要有shutdown权限) [mysqld3306] port=3306 datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data socket/tmp/mysql3306.sock server-id=203306 log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin 调用方式 mysqld_multi start|stop|reload|report  {port} *mysqld_multi只能识别的配置文件就是在my.cnf，其他配置文件不能识别 环境演示：mysql多实例3306 3307 3308 /etc/my.cnf 使用mysqld_muiti关闭实例BUG修复，不能正常关机 my_print_defaults 参数 发现问题 密码不能识别，密码不能传递 vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi 在my_print_defaults 后面添加-s参数 可以正常关闭多实例 *Mysql遇到启动错误的第一时间记得看error.log  常见启动错误： 1、权限错误 故障模拟： mysqld_multi stop 3306 chown root:root mysql3306/ -R 开始启动3306实例 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf & 这个时候发现并起不来，直接退出了 使用strace命令进行追踪 strace /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  2>&1|tee log 再将权限改回来 很简单 就是一个排查的思路 记得使用strace Chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/  -R 2、参数配置错误导致MySQL起不来 查看error.log都能找到原因 *确保getenforce为disabled状态 perror查看代码错误信息