AVFoundation的适用范围
AVFoundation是苹果在iOS和OS X系统中用于处理基于时间的媒体数据的Objective-C框架. 供使用者来开发媒体类型的应用程序.
虽然现在你可以在iOS和 OS X系统中通过WebView或HTML标签直接来播放音视频内容,但是如果想要加入额外媒体相关功能如:录制,音视频流控制,添加额外动画和图片效果等.则需要专门的音视频框架进行控制.
- AVCaptureSession 捕捉会话
AVCaptureSession相当于一个虚拟的插座,连接了输入和输出资源.它管理着从物理设备(摄像头和麦克风)得到的数据流,然后输出到其他地方.
可以额外配置一个会话预设值,用来控制捕捉数据的格式和质量,默认是AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh
- AVCaptureDevice 捕捉设备
AVCaptureDevice为物理设备定义一个接口和大量控制方法,例如对焦、曝光、白平衡和闪光等
- 捕捉设备输入 AVCaptureDeviceInput
在使用AVCaptureDevice进行处理前,需要将它封装到AVCaptureDeviceInput实例中.因为一个捕捉设备不能直接添加到AVCaptureSession中
- 捕捉的输出 AVCaptureOutput
AVCaptureOutput有许多扩展类,它本身只是一个抽象基类,用于为从Session得到的数据寻找输出目的地. 看上面结构图就可以看出各扩展类功能方向, 这里单独说一下,AVCaptureAudioDataOutput和AVCaptureVideoDataOutput可以直接访问硬件扑捉到的数字样本,可以用于音视频流进行实施处理
- 捕捉连接 AVCaptureConnection
这个类其实就是上图中连接不同组件的连接箭头所表示. 对这些连接的访问可以让开发者对信号流就行底层控制,比如禁用某些特定的连接,或者音频连接中限制单独的音频轨道
- 捕捉预览 AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer
这个类不在上图中, 它是对捕捉视频数据进行实时预览.在视频角色中类似于AVPlayerLayer
捕捉会话应用流程
a.用之前先判断相机权限：
// 检查相机app是否有相机权限
AVAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
if (authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatusDenied){
UIAlertController *alertC = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"请在iPhone的\"设置-隐私-相机\"选项中,允许云眸访问你的相机" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
UIAlertAction *alertA = [UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"确定" style:(UIAlertActionStyleDefault) handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
}];
[alertC addAction:alertA];
[currentController presentViewController:alertC animated:YES completion:nil];
return;
}
b. 创建会话
@property (nonatomic,strong) AVCaptureDevice *cam_back;
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureSession *session;
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureVideoDataOutput *videoDataOutput;
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *videoPreviewLayer;
//获取设备摄像头列表
NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
AVCaptureDevice *deviceF;
for (AVCaptureDevice *device in devices )
{
//后置摄像头
if (self.isPositionBack) {
if (device.position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack) {
deviceF = device;
break;
}
}
//后置摄像头
else{
if (device.position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront) {
deviceF = device;
break;
}
}
}
self.cam_back = deviceF;
//摄像头的拍摄数据对象
AVCaptureDeviceInput *input = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:deviceF error:nil];
//实例生成适用于使用其他媒体API进行处理的视频帧，可以使用captureOutput:didOutputSampleBuffer:FromConnection:Delegate方法访问帧
// 创建设备输出流
AVCaptureVideoDataOutput *output = [AVCaptureVideoDataOutput new];
//设置接收程序的委托，该委托将接受捕获的缓冲区和将调用委托的调度队列
[output setSampleBufferDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
// 创建数据输出流
AVCaptureMetadataOutput *metaout = [[AVCaptureMetadataOutput alloc] init];
[metaout setMetadataObjectsDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
//创建捕捉会话
self.session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
// beginConfiguration 和 commitConfiguration 包住设置过程
[self.session beginConfiguration];
if ([self.session canAddInput:input]) {
[self.session addInput:input];
}
if (self.isPositionBack) {
//设置捕捉像素 AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh AVCaptureSessionPresetMedium AVCaptureSessionPresetLow
if ([self.session canSetSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh]) {
[self.session setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh];
}else{
[self.session setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480];
}
}else{
if ([self.session canSetSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480]) {
[self.session setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480];
}
}
//添加点击时获取CGpoint的事件
UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(focusGesture:)];
[currentController.view addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture];
//注意改变设备属性前一定要首先调用lockForConfiguration:调用完之后使用unlockForConfiguration方法解锁，不然app崩溃
NSError *error;
if ([self.cam_back lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
self.cam_back.subjectAreaChangeMonitoringEnabled = YES;
//闪光灯自动调整
if ([self.cam_back isFlashModeSupported:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto]) {
[self.cam_back setFlashMode:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto];
}
//自动白平衡自动调整
if ([self.cam_back isWhiteBalanceModeSupported:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance]) {
[self.cam_back setWhiteBalanceMode:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance];
}
[self.cam_back unlockForConfiguration];
}else{
NSLog(@"设置设备属性过程发生错误，错误信息：%@",error.localizedDescription);
}
// 设置捕捉会话的输出部分
// image输出
if ([self.session canAddOutput:output]) {
[self.session addOutput:output];
}
if ([self.session canAddOutput:metaout]) {
[self.session addOutput:metaout];
}
[self.session commitConfiguration];
// 设置视频输出编码格式
NSString *key = (NSString *)kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey;
NSNumber *value = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA];
NSDictionary *videoSettings = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:value forKey:key];
[output setVideoSettings:videoSettings];
self.videoDataOutput = output;
if (!self.isPositionBack) {
//这里 我们告诉要检测到人脸 就给我一些反应，里面还有QRCode 等 都可以放进去，就是 如果视频流检测到了你要的 就会出发didOutputSampleBuffer代理方法
[metaout setMetadataObjectTypes:@[AVMetadataObjectTypeFace]];
AVCaptureSession* session = (AVCaptureSession *)self.session;
//前置摄像头一定要设置一下 要不然画面是镜像
for (AVCaptureVideoDataOutput* output in session.outputs) {
for (AVCaptureConnection * av in output.connections) {
//判断是否是前置摄像头状态
if (av.supportsVideoMirroring) {
//镜像设置
av.videoOrientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationPortrait;
av.videoMirrored = YES;
}
}
}
}else{
AVCaptureSession* session = (AVCaptureSession *)self.session;
//前置摄像头一定要设置一下 要不然画面是镜像
for (AVCaptureVideoDataOutput* output in session.outputs) {
for (AVCaptureConnection * av in output.connections) {
//判断是否是前置摄像头状态
if (av.supportsVideoMirroring) {
//镜像设置
av.videoOrientation = AVCaptureVideoOrientationPortrait;
}
}
}
}
// 实例化预览图层, 传递_session是为了告诉图层将来显示什么内容
_videoPreviewLayer = [AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer layerWithSession:_session];
// 保持纵横比；填充层边界
_videoPreviewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
CGFloat x = 0;
CGFloat y = 0;
CGFloat w = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width;
CGFloat h = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height;
_videoPreviewLayer.frame = CGRectMake(x, y, w, h);
[currentController.view.layer insertSublayer:_videoPreviewLayer atIndex:0];
// 9、启动会话
[_session startRunning];
c . 停止，启动，检查会话
- (void)startRunning {
[_session startRunning];
}
- (void)stopRunning {
[_session stopRunning];
}
- (BOOL)isScanRunning {
return [_session isRunning];
}
其他细节（切换摄像头，聚焦）
a.切换摄像头
// 当前捕捉会话对应的摄像头.
- (AVCaptureDevice *)activeCamera {
return self.activeVideoInput.device;
}
// 当前未激活的摄像头
- (AVCaptureDevice *)inactiveCamera {
AVCaptureDevice *device = nil;
if (self.cameraCount > 1) {
if ([self activeCamera].position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack) {
device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
} else {
device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];
}
}
return device;
}
// 切换摄像头
- (BOOL)switchCameras {
if (![self canSwitchCameras]) {
return NO;
}
// 1. 获取当前未使用的摄像头,并为他创建一个新的Input.
NSError *error;
AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [self inactiveCamera];
AVCaptureDeviceInput *videoInput =
[AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:videoDevice error:&error];
// 2. 用新的Input替换掉正在激活的Input
if (videoInput) {
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration]; // 原子性配置开始.保证线程安全
[self.captureSession removeInput:self.activeVideoInput];
if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:videoInput]) {
[self.captureSession addInput:videoInput];
self.activeVideoInput = videoInput;
} else { // 确保安全,如果新的Input不能添加,继续使用旧的
[self.captureSession addInput:self.activeVideoInput];
}
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration]; // 原子性配置完成
} else { // 错误处理
[self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
- (BOOL)canSwitchCameras {
return self.cameraCount > 1;
}
- (NSUInteger)cameraCount {
return [[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] count];
}
// 获取指定位置的AVCaptureDevice
- (AVCaptureDevice *)cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)position {
NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
for (AVCaptureDevice *device in devices) {
if (device.position == position) {
return device;
}
}
return nil;
}
b.代理处理数据(拍照)
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSArray *currentMetadata;
typedef void (^ShutterImageBlock)(UIImage *image);
@property (nonatomic,copy) ShutterImageBlock callBack;
@interface VideoScanManager()
<
AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate,
AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate
>
#pragma mark - - - AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputMetadataObjects:(NSArray *)metadataObjects fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection {
_currentMetadata = metadataObjects;
}
#pragma mark - - - AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate的方法
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection {
if (self.callBack) {
self.callBack([self imageFromSampleBuffer:sampleBuffer]);
self.callBack = nil;
}
if (self.currentMetadata.count > 0) {
// face表示当前获取到的 人脸对象AVMetadataObject<AVMetadataFaceObject>
AVMetadataFaceObject *face = (AVMetadataFaceObject *)[_videoPreviewLayer transformedMetadataObjectForMetadataObject:self.currentMetadata.lastObject];
// 此处对进行处理
// 。。。。。。。
}
}
从获取的sampleBuffer中获取图片数据
// 通过抽样缓存数据创建一个UIImage对象
- (UIImage *) imageFromSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef) sampleBuffer
{
// 为媒体数据设置一个CMSampleBuffer的Core Video图像缓存对象
CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
// 锁定pixel buffer的基地址
CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0);
// 得到pixel buffer的基地址
void *baseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(imageBuffer);
// 得到pixel buffer的行字节数
size_t bytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(imageBuffer);
// 得到pixel buffer的宽和高
size_t width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(imageBuffer);
size_t height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(imageBuffer);
// 创建一个依赖于设备的RGB颜色空间
CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
// 用抽样缓存的数据创建一个位图格式的图形上下文（graphics context）对象
CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(baseAddress, width, height, 8,
bytesPerRow, colorSpace, kCGBitmapByteOrder32Little | kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst);
// 根据这个位图context中的像素数据创建一个Quartz image对象
CGImageRef quartzImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
// 解锁pixel buffer
CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer,0);
// 释放context和颜色空间
CGContextRelease(context);
CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
// 用Quartz image创建一个UIImage对象image
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:quartzImage];
// 释放Quartz image对象
CGImageRelease(quartzImage);
return (image);
}
c.聚焦
手动聚焦方式：点击屏幕，获取point数据，调用捕捉的设备 setFocusPointOfInterest和setFocusMode ， 两者调用顺序不能变。
_focusView是UIView类型，显示点击的区域。
注意⚠️：给设备配置属性时需要用lockForConfiguration ，unlockForConfiguration 包住，不然会使APP崩溃。
在初始化session时添加点击事件，用来获取点击的CGPoint
//添加点击时获取CGpoint的事件
UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(focusGesture:)];
[currentController.view addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture];
- (void)focusGesture:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)gesture{
CGPoint point = [gesture locationInView:gesture.view];
[self focusAtPoint:point];
}
- (void)focusAtPoint:(CGPoint)point{
CGSize size = _videoPreviewLayer.bounds.size;
// focusPoint 函数后面Point取值范围是取景框左上角（0，0）到取景框右下角（1，1）之间,按这个来但位置就是不对，只能按上面的写法才可以。前面是点击位置的y/PreviewLayer的高度，后面是1-点击位置的x/PreviewLayer的宽度
CGPoint focusPoint = CGPointMake( point.y /size.height ,1 - point.x/size.width );
if ([self.cam_back lockForConfiguration:nil]) {
if ([self.cam_back isFocusModeSupported:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus]) {
[self.cam_back setFocusPointOfInterest:focusPoint];
[self.cam_back setFocusMode:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus];
}
if ([self.cam_back isExposureModeSupported:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose ]) {
[self.cam_back setExposurePointOfInterest:focusPoint];
//曝光量调节
[self.cam_back setExposureMode:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose];
}
[self.cam_back unlockForConfiguration];
self.focusView.center = point;
self.focusView.hidden = NO;
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.2 animations:^{
self.focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.25, 1.25);
}completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.3 animations:^{
self.focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
self.focusView.hidden = YES;
}];
}];
}
}
- (UIView *)focusView{
if (!_focusView) {
_focusView = [[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 60, 60)];
_focusView.layer.borderWidth = 1.0;
_focusView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor yellowColor].CGColor;
_focusView.hidden = YES;
}
return _focusView;
}
最后不要忘记在Plist里面添加相机权限获取的请求，不然app崩溃
学习记录完毕。
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