java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier 与 java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch

CyclicBarrier与CountDownLatch都是多线程的辅助类.

对于CyclicBarrier来说是对多个线程进行等待.当调用CyclicBarrier.await()方法的线程量达到CyclicBarrier.getParties()<也就是初始化数>时候所有线程再继续执行await()方法后面的代码.另外有CyclicBarrier(int number,Runnable task)构造函数.当调用CyclicBarries.await()方法的线程到达临界值时候会优先执行task对应的线程,然后再执行其余的等待线程.

比如拿参加会议作为一个例子:

把每个参加会议的人当成一个线程.task线程作为一个招待人.那么情况就是陆续有人来到会议室门口,但是门是关着的.一旦人到齐的时候招待人会指挥大家做签名报道.然后再允许所有人进入会议室.

代码如下:

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class Test implements Runnable{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Test test = new Test();
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
			threads[i] = new Thread(new Party(test));
			threads[i].start();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void run(){
		System.out.println("所有人都到齐了.签到完成后开始开会...");
		//对于CyclicBarrier会当计数器到达0后会优先执行构造函数中的Runnable对象线程.
		//执行完该线程后再执行对应CyclicBarrier.await()线程.
	}

	public void arrive(){
		semaphore.acquireUninterruptibly();//这里采用Binary Semaphore进行变量保护.
		System.out.printf("%s 到了会议厅,还有%d人没有到达.\n",Thread.currentThread().getName(),barrier.getParties() - barrier.getNumberWaiting() - 1);
		semaphore.release();
		try{
			barrier.await();
		}catch(InterruptedException|BrokenBarrierException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		System.out.printf("%s 签到\n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}


	private final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(10,this);
	private final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
}

class Party implements Runnable{

	public Party(Test test){
		this.test = test;
	}

	@Override
	public void run(){
		test.arrive();
	}

	private Test test;
}

而对于CountDownLatch来说.每个人到达之后是直接报道并进入房间.会议室的门是开着的.招待人只有等到人齐的时候开会.

代码如下:

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class Test implements Runnable{

	public static void main(String[] args){
		Test test = new Test();
		Thread thread = new Thread(test);
		thread.start();
		try{
			Thread.sleep(100);//为了让thread先运行.
		}catch(InterruptedException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
			threads[i] = new Thread(new Party(test));
		}

		for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
			threads[i].start();
		}
	}


	@Override
	public void run(){
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":人还没来齐,我在等待.");
		try{
			latch.await();
		}catch(InterruptedException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":所有人都到齐了.我们开会.");
	}

	public void arrive(){
		semaphore.acquireUninterruptibly();//该方法可以不同步,只是为了把到达和签到动作捆绑.
		System.out.printf("%s:我来到了会议室.\n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
		latch.countDown();//线程到达这里后会继续执行下去.
		System.out.printf("%s:我直接进入会议室.不需要在门口等待.\n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
		semaphore.release();
	}


	private final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(10);
	private final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
}

class Party implements Runnable{

	public Party(Test test){
		this.test = test;
	}

	@Override
	public void run(){
		test.arrive();
	}

	private Test test;
}

另外CyclicBarrier是可以重用的.当调用CyclicBarrier.reset()方法后.所有调用了CyclicBarrier.await()方法的线程都将抛出BrokenBarrierException.

而对于CountDownLatch一旦初始化后没办法重用.