两者区别
1、首先synchronized是java内置关键字,在jvm层面,Lock是个java类;
2、synchronized无法判断是否获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到锁;
3、synchronized会自动释放锁(a 线程执行完同步代码会释放锁 ;b 线程执行过程中发生异常会释放锁),Lock需在finally中手工释放锁(unlock()方法释放锁),否则容易造成线程死锁;
4、用synchronized关键字的两个线程1和线程2,如果当前线程1获得锁,线程2线程等待。如果线程1阻塞,线程2则会一直等待下去,而Lock锁就不一定会等待下去,如果尝试获取不到锁,线程可以不用一直等待就结束了;
5、synchronized的锁可重入、不可中断、非公平,而Lock锁可重入、可判断、可公平(两者皆可);
6、Lock锁适合大量同步的代码的同步问题,synchronized锁适合代码少量的同步问题。
demo:
package com.thread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @author riemann
* @date 2019/07/18 22:36
*/
public class LockTest1 {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
// 使用完毕释放后其他线程才能获取锁
public void lockTest(Thread thread) {
lock.lock(); // 获取锁
try {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); // 打印当前锁的名称
Thread.sleep(2000); // 为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
} finally {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
lock.unlock(); //释放锁
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTest1 lockTest1 = new LockTest1();
//声明一个线程 “线程一”
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lockTest1.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
},"thread1");
//声明一个线程 “线程二”
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lockTest1.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
},"thread2");
// 启动2个线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
线程thread1获取当前锁
线程thread1执行完毕释放锁
线程thread2获取当前锁
线程thread2执行完毕释放锁
package com.thread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @author riemann
* @date 2019/07/18 22:49
*/
public class LockTest2 {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
// 尝试获取锁 tryLock() 它表示用来尝试获取锁,如果获取成功,则返回true,如果获取失败(即锁已被其他线程获取),则返回false
public void tryLockTest(Thread thread) {
if (lock.tryLock()) { //尝试获取锁
try {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称
Thread.sleep(2000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
}finally {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
lock.unlock(); //释放锁
}
} else {
System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,我无法获取!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTest2 lockTest2 = new LockTest2();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lockTest2.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
}, "thread1");
//声明一个线程 “线程二”
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lockTest2.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread());
}
}, "thread2");
// 启动2个线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
线程thread1获取当前锁
我是线程thread2当前锁被别人占用,我无法获取!
线程thread1执行完毕释放锁
package com.thread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @author riemann
* @date 2019/07/18 22:57
*/
public class LockTest3 {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void tryLockParamTest(Thread thread) throws InterruptedException {
// 尝试获取锁 获取不到锁,就等3秒,如果3秒后还是获取不到就返回false
if (lock.tryLock(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
try {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称
Thread.sleep(4000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠4秒
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
}finally {
System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
lock.unlock(); //释放锁
}
}else{
System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,等待3s后仍无法获取,放弃!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockTest3 lockTest3 = new LockTest3();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lockTest3.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "thread1");
//声明一个线程 “线程二”
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lockTest3.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "thread2");
// 启动2个线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
因为此时线程2休眠了4秒,线程1等待了3秒还没有获取到就放弃获取锁了,执行结束。
线程thread2获取当前锁
我是线程thread1当前锁被别人占用,等待3s后仍无法获取,放弃!
线程thread2执行完毕释放锁
将方法中的 Thread.sleep(4000)改为Thread.sleep(2000)执行结果如下:
因为此时线程2休眠了2秒,线程1等待了3秒的期间线程1释放了锁,此时线程1获取到锁,线程1就可以执行了。
线程thread2获取当前锁
线程thread2执行完毕释放锁
线程thread1获取当前锁
线程thread1执行完毕释放锁