C Primer Plus学习_31 输入验证（计算特定范围内所有整数的平方和）

在实际应用中，用户不一定会按照程序的指示行事，当用户输入的值与程序的期望不符实，程序就会出错甚至停止运行。 要解决这样的问题，就需要提前想到程序运行时用户可能会给出什么样的值，然后用关系表达式来解决。

现在需要一个程序，计算特定范围内所有整数的平方和。程序限制范围的上限和下限分别为10000000和-10000000

/*checking.c -- 输入验证*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
//验证输入是否是一个整数
long get_long(void);
//验证范围的上下限是否有效
bool bad_limit(long begin, long end, long low, long high);
//计算范围a~b之间的整数平方和
double sum_squares(long a, long b); 
int main (void) 
{
	const long MAX = -10000000;		//上限 
	const long MIN = +10000000;		//下限 
	long start;
	long stop;
	double answer;
	
	printf("This program computes the sum of the squares of integers in a range.\n"
			"The lower dound should not be less than -10000000 and the upper bound\n"
			"should not be more than +10000000.\n"
			"Enter the limits (enter 0 for both linits ro quit):\n");
	printf("lower limit:");
	start = get_long();
	printf("upper limit:");
	stop = get_long();
	while (start != 0 || stop != 0){
		 if(bad_limit(start, stop, MIN, MAX)){
		 	printf("Please try again.\n");
		 }else{
		 	answer = sum_squares(start, stop);
		 	printf("The sum of the squares of the integers");
		 	printf("from %ld to %ld is %g\n", start, stop, answer);
		}
		printf("Enter the limits (enter 0 for both limits to quit):\n");
		printf("lower limit:");
		start = get_long();
		printf("upper limit:");
		stop = get_long();
	}
	printf("Done.\n");
	
	return 0;
}

long get_long(void){
	long input;
	char ch;
	
	while(scanf("%ld", &input) != 1){
		while((ch = getchar()) != 1){
			putchar(ch);			//处理错误输入 
		}
		printf("is not an integer.\n");
		printf("Please enter an integer value, such as 25, -178, or 3:"); 
	}
	return input;
}

double sum_squares(long a, long b){
	double total = 0;
	long i;
	
	for(i = a; i <= b; i++){
		total += (double) i * (double) i; 
	}
	
	return total;
}

bool bad_limit(long begin, long end, long low, long high){
	bool not_good = false;
	
	if(begin > end) {
		printf("%ld isn't smaller than %ld.\n", begin, end);
		not_good = true;
	}
	if(begin < low || end < low){
		printf("Values must be %ld or greater.\n", low);
		not_good = true;
	}
	if(begin > high || end > high){
		printf("Values must be %ld or less.\n", high);
		not_good = true;
	}
	
	return not_good;
}

This program computes the sum of the squares of integers in a range.
The lower dound should not be less than -10000000 and the upper bound
should not be more than +10000000.
Enter the limits (enter 0 for both linits ro quit):
lower limit: low
lowis not an integer.
Please enter an integer value, such as 25, -178, or 3: 3
upper limit: a big number
a big numberis not an integer.
Please enter an integer value, such as 25, -178, or 3: 12
Values must be 10000000 or greater.
Values must be -10000000 or less.
Please try again.
Enter the limits (enter 0 for both limits to quit):
lower limit: 80
upper limit: 10
80 isn't smaller than 10.
Values must be 10000000 or greater.
Values must be -10000000 or less.
Please try again.
Enter the limits (enter 0 for both limits to quit):
lower limit: 0
upper limit: 0

Done.

虽然程序的核心部分只有很短的一部分（sum_squares()函数），他主管了程序的计算，但是一个程序的完整还需要其他部分的配合，比如判断什么时候 程序可以进行计算，什么时候要对用户说什么都需要靠那些来完成。

程序遵循模块化思想，使用模块化思想，使用独立的函数来验证管理显示。程序越大，使用模块化就越重要。

程序由main()函数管理程序流，为其他函数委派任务。它使用get_long()获取值、while循环处理值、badlimits()函数检查值是否有效、sum_squres()函数处理实际计算。