Java 23种设计模式之享元模式

1. 概念

运用共享技术有效的支持大量细粒度的对象

2. 创建外部状态对象

public class User {

    private String name;

    public User(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

3. 创建抽象类对象

public abstract class WebSite {

    public abstract void User(User user);

}

4. 创建具体类对象 继承抽象类对象

public class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite{

    private String name;
    public ConcreteWebSite(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }


    @Override
    public void User(User user) {
        System.out.println("网站分类："+name+" 用户："+user.getName());
    }
}

5. 创建工厂类对象 用于实现对象共享

public class WebSiteFactory {

    private Hashtable<String,WebSite> flyWeights = new Hashtable();

    /**
     * 获得网站分类
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public WebSite getWebSiteCategory(String key){

        if( !flyWeights.contains(key)){
            flyWeights.put(key,new ConcreteWebSite(key));
        }

        return flyWeights.get(key);
    }

    public int getWebSiteCount(){
        return flyWeights.size();
    }
}

6. 测试类

 @org.junit.Test
public void test(){

    WebSiteFactory factory = new WebSiteFactory();
    WebSite site1 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
    site1.User(new User("zlc"));

    WebSite site2 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
    site2.User(new User("cc"));

    WebSite site3 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
    site3.User(new User("yz"));

    WebSite site4 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
    site4.User(new User("zq"));

    WebSite site5 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("音乐");
    site5.User(new User("yy"));

    WebSite site6 = factory.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
    site6.User(new User("yjy"));

    System.out.println("得到网站的分类总数："+factory.getWebSiteCount());
}

7.小结

如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的对象造成了很大的存储开销就应该考虑使用，还有就是对象的大多数状态可以外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑使用享元模式；