Java 23种设计模式之观察者模式

1. 概念

定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个对象主题。这个对象主题在状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者对象，使它们能够自动更新自己。    

2. 创建通知者抽象类或接口

public abstract class Subject {

    protected String status;
    protected String name;
    protected final List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();
    public Subject(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    protected void add(Observer observer){
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    protected void remove(Observer observer){
        observers.remove(observer);
    }

    protected void notificAll(){

        for (Observer o : observers) {
            o.update();
        }
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
}       

3. 创建观察者抽象类或者接口

public interface Observer {
    void update();
}

4. 创建具体通知者对象

public class Secretary extends Subject{

    public Secretary(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
}

5. 创建具体观察者对象

1.对象1
public class StockObserver implements Observer{

    private String name;
    private Subject subject;
    public StockObserver(Subject subject,String name){
        this.subject = subject;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println(subject.name +"："+ subject.getStatus());
        System.out.println(name+" 关闭股票行情，继续工作");
    }
}

2.对象2
public class NBAObserver implements Observer{

    private String name;
    private Subject subject;
    public NBAObserver(Subject subject,String name){
        this.subject = subject;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println(subject.name +"："+ subject.getStatus());
        System.out.println(name+" 关闭NBA球赛，继续工作");
    }
}

6.测试

@org.junit.Test
public void test(){
    Subject sub = new Secretary("小蜜");

    Observer observer1 = new StockObserver(sub,"乐成");
    Observer observer2 = new NBAObserver(sub,"三皮");
    sub.add(observer1);
    sub.add(observer2);

    sub.setStatus("老板回办公室了");
    sub.notificAll();
}

7.小结

观察者模式做的工作其实是在解除耦合，让耦合的双方都依赖于抽象，而不是依赖于具体，从而使得各自的变化都不会影响另一边的变化。