ANY比较符用法

 

ANY

SOME

Compares a value to each value in a list or returned by a query. Must be preceded by =, !=, >, <, <=, >=. Can be followed by any expression or subquery that returns one or more values.

Evaluates to FALSE if the query returns no rows.

SELECT * FROM employees
  WHERE salary = ANY
  (SELECT salary
   FROM employees
  WHERE department_id = 30)
  ORDER BY employee_id;

ALL

Compares a value to every value in a list or returned by a query. Must be preceded by =, !=, >, <, <=, >=. Can be followed by any expression or subquery that returns one or more values.

Evaluates to TRUE if the query returns no rows.

SELECT * FROM employees
  WHERE salary >=
  ALL (1400, 3000)
  ORDER BY employee_id;
 
 
以scott/tiger 的emp表作为示例:
scott@TEST0924> select * from emp;
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82       1300                    10
 
14 rows selected.
 
ANY:类似于OR操作符。大于任何值即大于最小的那个值
scott@TEST0924> SELECT empno, sal
  2  FROM   emp
  3  WHERE  sal > ANY (2000, 3000);
 
     EMPNO        SAL
---------- ----------
      7566       2975
      7698       2850
      7782       2450
      7788       3000
      7839       5000
      7902       3000
 
6 rows selected.
 
等价于大于任何值
scott@TEST0924> SELECT empno, sal
  2  FROM   emp
  3  WHERE  sal > 2000 or sal>3000
  4  ;
 
     EMPNO        SAL
---------- ----------
      7566       2975
      7698       2850
      7782       2450
      7788       3000
      7839       5000
      7902       3000
 
6 rows selected.
等价于大于最小值
scott@TEST0924> SELECT empno, sal
  2  FROM   emp
  3  WHERE  sal > 2000 ;
 
     EMPNO        SAL
---------- ----------
      7566       2975
      7698       2850
      7782       2450
      7788       3000
      7839       5000
      7902       3000
 
6 rows selected.
 
  • 如果any后面跟的是子查询
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e2.sal
  2  FROM   emp e2
  3  WHERE  e2.deptno = 10;
 
       SAL
----------
      2450
      5000
      1300
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal
  2  FROM   emp e1
  3  WHERE  e1.sal > ANY (SELECT e2.sal
  4  FROM   emp e2
  5   WHERE  e2.deptno = 10);
 
     EMPNO        SAL
---------- ----------
      7839       5000
      7902       3000
      7788       3000
      7566       2975
      7698       2850
      7782       2450
      7499       1600
      7844       1500
 
8 rows selected.
即等价于大于最小值
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal
  2  FROM   emp e1
  3  WHERE  e1.sal >1300
  4  ;
 
也等价与
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal
  2  FROM   emp e1
  3  WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT e2.sal
  4  FROM emp e2
  5  WHERE e2.deptno = 10
  6  AND   e1.sal > e2.sal);
 
     EMPNO        SAL
---------- ----------
      7839       5000
      7902       3000
      7788       3000
      7566       2975
      7698       2850
      7782       2450
      7499       1600
      7844       1500
 
8 rows selected.
 
如果any后面的子查询返回非0行,则
 
  • "x = ANY (...)": The value must match one or more values in the list to evaluate to TRUE.至少匹配一个值
  • "x != ANY (...)": The value must not match one or more values in the list to evaluate to TRUE.一个值都不匹配
  • "x > ANY (...)": The value must be greater than the smallest value in the list to evaluate to TRUE.大于最小值
  • "x < ANY (...)": The value must be smaller than the biggest value in the list to evaluate to TRUE.小于最大值
  • "x >= ANY (...)": The value must be greater than or equal to the smallest value in the list to evaluate to TRUE.大于等于最小值
  • "x <= ANY (...)": The value must be smaller than or equal to the biggest value in the list to evaluate to TRUE.小于等于最大值
如果any后面的子查询返回为0行
此查询没有返回值
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100;
 
no rows selected
 
则以下any都没有返回值
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal=ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal!=ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal > ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal <ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
scott@TEST0924>  SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal >=ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
scott@TEST0924> SELECT e1.empno, e1.sal FROM   emp e1
  2  WHERE  e1.sal <=ANY (SELECT e2.sal FROM emp e2 WHERE e2.deptno = 100);
 
no rows selected
 
 
 
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