Android中View绘制流程分析

创建Window

在Activity的attach方法中通过调用PolicyManager.makeNewWindo创建Window,将一个View add到WindowManager时,WindowManagerImpl创建一个ViewRoot来管理该窗口的根View。并通过ViewRoot.setView方法把该View传给ViewRoot。

    
    final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
            Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
            Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
            CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
            NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
            Configuration config) {
        attachBaseContext(context);

        mFragments.attachActivity(this, mContainer, null);
        
        mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);
        mWindow.setCallback(this);
        mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);

创建DecorView

DecorView为整个Window界面的最顶层View。

Activity中的Window对象帮我们创建了一个PhoneWindow内部类DecorView(父类为FrameLayout)窗口顶层视图,然后通过LayoutInflater将xml内容布局解析成View树形结构添加到DecorView顶层视图中id为content的FrameLayout父容器上面。Activity的content内容布局最终会添加到DecorView窗口顶层视图上面。

    protected boolean initializePanelDecor(PanelFeatureState st) {
        st.decorView = new DecorView(getContext(), st.featureId);
        st.gravity = Gravity.CENTER | Gravity.BOTTOM;
        st.setStyle(getContext());

        return true;
    }

创建ViewRoot并关联View

WindowManagerImpl保存DecorView到mViews,创建对应的ViewRoot;

ViewRoot用于管理窗口的根View,并和global window manger进行交互。ViewRoot中有一个nested class: W,W是一个Binder子类,用于接收global window manager的各种消息, 如按键消息, 触摸消息等。 ViewRoot有一个W类型的成员mWindow,ViewRoot在Constructor中创建一个W的instance并赋值给mWindow。 ViewRoot是Handler的子类, W会通过Looper把消息传递给ViewRoot。 ViewRoot在setView方法中把mWindow传给sWindowSession。

    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        if (view == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
        }
        if (display == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
        }
        if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
        }

        final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
        if (parentWindow != null) {
            parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
        }

        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            // Start watching for system property changes.
            if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
                mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
                    @Override public void run() {
                        synchronized (mLock) {
                            for (ViewRootImpl viewRoot : mRoots) {
                                viewRoot.loadSystemProperties();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
            }

            int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
            if (index >= 0) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
                        + " has already been added to the window manager.");
            }

            // If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
            // attached to for future reference.
            if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
                    wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                final int count = mViews != null ? mViews.length : 0;
                for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
                    if (mRoots[i].mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
                        panelParentView = mViews[i];
                    }
                }
            }

            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            if (mViews == null) {
                index = 1;
                mViews = new View[1];
                mRoots = new ViewRootImpl[1];
                mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[1];
            } else {
                index = mViews.length + 1;
                Object[] old = mViews;
                mViews = new View[index];
                System.arraycopy(old, 0, mViews, 0, index-1);
                old = mRoots;
                mRoots = new ViewRootImpl[index];
                System.arraycopy(old, 0, mRoots, 0, index-1);
                old = mParams;
                mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[index];
                System.arraycopy(old, 0, mParams, 0, index-1);
            }
            index--;

            mViews[index] = view;
            mRoots[index] = root;
            mParams[index] = wparams;
        }

        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
            synchronized (mLock) {
                final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }


ViewRoot是GUI管理系统与GUI呈现系统之间的桥梁,需要注意它并不是一个View类型,。
它的主要作用如下:
1、向DecorView分发收到的用户发起的event事件,如按键,触屏,轨迹球等事件;
2、与WindowManagerService交互,完成整个Activity的GUI的绘制。

View绘制基本流程

这里先给出Android系统View的绘制流程:依次执行View类里面的如下三个方法:
measure(int ,int) :测量View的大小
layout(int ,int ,int ,int) :设置子View的位置
draw(Canvas) :绘制View内容到Canvas画布上


整个View树的绘图流程是在ViewRoot.java类的performTraversals()函数展开的,该函数做的执行过程可简单概况为根据之前设置的状态,判断是否需要重新计算视图大小(measure)、是否重新需要安置视图的位置(layout)、以及是否需要重绘 (draw)

 mesarue()测量过程

主要作用:为整个View树计算实际的大小,即设置实际的高(mMeasuredHeight)和宽(mMeasureWidth),每个View的控件的实际宽高都是由父视图和本身视图决定的。
具体的调用如下:

ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中,调用measureHierarchy,然后调用performMeasure

 private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }
ViewRoot根对象地属性mView(其类型一般为ViewGroup类型)调用measure()方法去计算View树的大小,回调
View/ViewGroup对象的onMeasure()方法,该方法实现的功能如下:    
1、设置本View视图的最终大小,该功能的实现通过调用setMeasuredDimension()方法去设置实际的高 (mMeasuredHeight)和宽(mMeasureWidth) 

2、如果该View对象是个ViewGroup类型,需要重写onMeasure()方法,对其子视图进行遍历的measure()过程。
对每个子视图的measure()过程,是通过调用父类ViewGroup.java类里的measureChildWithMargins()方法去实现,该方法内部只是简单地调用了View对象的measure()方法。
整个measure调用流程就是个树形的递归过程
measure()方法两个参数都是父View传递过来的,也就是代表了父view的规格。他由两部分组成,高2位表示MODE,定义在MeasureSpec类(View的内部类)中,有三种类型,MeasureSpec.EXACTLY表示确定大小, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST表示最大大小, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED不确定。低30位表示size,也就是父View的大小。对于系统Window类的DecorVIew对象Mode一般都为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ,而size分别对应屏幕宽高。对于子View来说大小是由父View和子View共同决定的。

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }
   protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
            int opticalWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
            int opticalHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;

            measuredWidth  += optical ? opticalWidth  : -opticalWidth;
            measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
        }
        mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
        mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    }

layout布局过程

主要作用 :为将整个根据子视图的大小以及布局参数将View树放到合适的位置上。
具体的调用如下:
ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中,调用performLayout
    private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
            int desiredWindowHeight) {
        mLayoutRequested = false;
        mScrollMayChange = true;
        mInLayout = true;

        final View host = mView;
        if (DEBUG_ORIENTATION || DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
            Log.v(TAG, "Laying out " + host + " to (" +
                    host.getMeasuredWidth() + ", " + host.getMeasuredHeight() + ")");
        }

        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout");
        try {
            host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());

            mInLayout = false;
            int numViewsRequestingLayout = mLayoutRequesters.size();
            if (numViewsRequestingLayout > 0) {
                // requestLayout() was called during layout.
                // If no layout-request flags are set on the requesting views, there is no problem.
                // If some requests are still pending, then we need to clear those flags and do
                // a full request/measure/layout pass to handle this situation.
                ArrayList<View> validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters,
                        false);
                if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
                    // Set this flag to indicate that any further requests are happening during
                    // the second pass, which may result in posting those requests to the next
                    // frame instead
                    mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = true;

                    // Process fresh layout requests, then measure and layout
                    int numValidRequests = validLayoutRequesters.size();
                    for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
                        final View view = validLayoutRequesters.get(i);
                        Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
                                " during layout: running second layout pass");
                        view.requestLayout();
                    }
                    measureHierarchy(host, lp, mView.getContext().getResources(),
                            desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
                    mInLayout = true;
                    host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());

                    mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = false;

                    // Check the valid requests again, this time without checking/clearing the
                    // layout flags, since requests happening during the second pass get noop'd
                    validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters, true);
                    if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
                        final ArrayList<View> finalRequesters = validLayoutRequesters;
                        // Post second-pass requests to the next frame
                        getRunQueue().post(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                int numValidRequests = finalRequesters.size();
                                for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
                                    final View view = finalRequesters.get(i);
                                    Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
                                            " during second layout pass: posting in next frame");
                                    view.requestLayout();
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }

            }
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
        mInLayout = false;
    }
host.layout()开始View树的布局,继而回调给View/ViewGroup类中的layout()方法。具体流程如下
1 、layout方法会设置该View视图位于父视图的坐标轴,即mLeft,mTop,mLeft,mBottom(调用setFrame()函数去实现),接下来回调onLayout()方法(如果该View是ViewGroup对象,需要实现该方法,对每个子视图进行布局)。
2、如果该View是个ViewGroup类型,需要遍历每个子视图chiildView,调用该子视图的layout()方法去设置它的坐标值。
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    }
    public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;
        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
    }

draw()绘图过程

ViewRootImpl 的performTraversals方法中,调用了mView的draw方法
 mView.draw()开始绘制,draw()方法实现的功能如下:
1 、绘制该View的背景
2 、为显示渐变框做一些准备操作      
3、调用onDraw()方法绘制视图本身   (每个View都需要重载该方法,ViewGroup不需要实现该方法)
4、调用dispatchDraw ()方法绘制子视图(如果该View类型不为ViewGroup,即不包含子视图,不需要重载该方法)
值得说明的是,ViewGroup类已经为我们重写了dispatchDraw ()的功能实现,应用程序一般不需要重写该方法,但可以重载父类函数实现具体的功能。
dispatchDraw()方法内部会遍历每个子视图,调用drawChild()去重新回调每个子视图的draw()方法。
5、绘制滚动条

刷新视图

Android中实现view的更新有两个方法,一个是invalidate,另一个是postInvalidate,其中前者是在UI线程自身中使用,而后者在非UI线程中使用。 
requestLayout()方法 :会导致调用measure()过程 和 layout()过程 。
 说明:只是对View树重新布局layout过程包括measure()和layout()过程,不会调用draw()过程,但不会重新绘制
任何视图包括该调用者本身。

一般引起invalidate()操作的函数如下:
1、直接调用invalidate()方法,请求重新draw(),但只会绘制调用者本身。
2、setSelection()方法 :请求重新draw(),但只会绘制调用者本身。
3、setVisibility()方法 : 当View可视状态在INVISIBLE转换VISIBLE时,会间接调用invalidate()方法,继而绘制该View。
4 、setEnabled()方法 : 请求重新draw(),但不会重新绘制任何视图包括该调用者本身。
 

内容参考源码,借鉴了网上的一些分析。


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