使用 UDP Datagrams 的 Sockets C 编程

本文转载至：http://www.programminglogic.com/sockets-programming-in-c-using-udp-datagrams/

以下是一段简单的server-client C程序，它使用UDP socket来进行传输。基本上客户端往服务器发一个消息，服务器把消息转成大写再返回给客户端。

如果你想看一段更简单的代码，先看一下这个client-server 程序，它仅仅发一个“Hello World”消息。对应的函数和结构体在那边说明的更清楚。

其次，你也可以看一个类似的使用TCP的示例(服务端把消息转化成大写)

Server 端代码

/************* UDP SERVER CODE *******************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){
  int udpSocket, nBytes;
  char buffer[1024];
  struct sockaddr_in serverAddr, clientAddr;
  struct sockaddr_storage serverStorage;
  socklen_t addr_size, client_addr_size;
  int i;

  /*Create UDP socket*/
  udpSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

  /*Configure settings in address struct*/
  serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  serverAddr.sin_port = htons(7891);
  serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
  memset(serverAddr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof serverAddr.sin_zero);  

  /*Bind socket with address struct*/
  bind(udpSocket, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));

  /*Initialize size variable to be used later on*/
  addr_size = sizeof serverStorage;

  while(1){
    /* Try to receive any incoming UDP datagram. Address and port of 
      requesting client will be stored on serverStorage variable */
    nBytes = recvfrom(udpSocket,buffer,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&serverStorage, &addr_size);

    /*Convert message received to uppercase*/
    for(i=0;i<nBytes-1;i++)
      buffer[i] = toupper(buffer[i]);

    /*Send uppercase message back to client, using serverStorage as the address*/
    sendto(udpSocket,buffer,nBytes,0,(struct sockaddr *)&serverStorage,addr_size);
  }

  return 0;
}

client 端代码

/************* UDP CLIENT CODE *******************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(){
  int clientSocket, portNum, nBytes;
  char buffer[1024];
  struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
  socklen_t addr_size;

  /*Create UDP socket*/
  clientSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

  /*Configure settings in address struct*/
  serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  serverAddr.sin_port = htons(7891);
  serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
  memset(serverAddr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof serverAddr.sin_zero);  

  /*Initialize size variable to be used later on*/
  addr_size = sizeof serverAddr;

  while(1){
    printf("Type a sentence to send to server:\n");
    fgets(buffer,1024,stdin);
    printf("You typed: %s",buffer);

    nBytes = strlen(buffer) + 1;
    
    /*Send message to server*/
    sendto(clientSocket,buffer,nBytes,0,(struct sockaddr *)&serverAddr,addr_size);

    /*Receive message from server*/
                nBytes = recvfrom(clientSocket,buffer,1024,0,NULL, NULL);

    printf("Received from server: %s\n",buffer);

  }

  return 0;
}