python学习（三）常用数据类型之str

类名str

基本操作

• 切片 [开始位置：结束位置(：步长)]

　　　　　　s = "hello，world！"  

　　　　　　　　取前两个字符 s = [0:2]   0可以省略，切片取头不取尾

　　　　　　　　反转字符串 s = [-1 : : -1]

　　　　　　　　取整个字符串 s = [ : ]  后面什么都不写默认取完

• 索引 [索引值]   注：不支持索引修改字符串值，会报错

　　　　　　　　索引值的范围是0-字符串长度减一，超过这个范围会报错(IndexError: string index out of range)　

• 各种方法函数：

  def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  #将字符串首字母大写，其余小写
          """
          S.capitalize() -> str
          
          Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
          have upper case and the rest lower case.
          """
          return ""
  
      def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   #将不分语种的字符串全部小写
          """
          S.casefold() -> str
          
          Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
          """
          return ""
  
      def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  将字符串填入width长的字符中间，并将其余字符用fillchar填充
          """
          S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
          
          Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
          done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
          """
          return ""
  
      def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   返回sub子序列在字符串指定位置中出现次数，start开始位置，end结束位置
          """
          S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
          
          Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
          string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are
          interpreted as in slice notation.
          """
          return 0
  
      def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 改变编码格式 默认utf-8
          """
          S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes
          
          Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
          is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
          handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
          a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
          'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
          codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
          """
          return b""
  
      def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  判断字符串是否以suffix子序列结尾，strat开始，end结束
          """
          S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
          
          Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
          With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
          With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
          suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
          """
          return False
  
      def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   指定制表符/t占有位数，tabsize指定占有位数
          """
          S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
          
          Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
          If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
          """
          return ""
  
      def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   返回在字符串中最先出现的子序列的索引号，如果不存在返回-1
          """
          S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
          
          Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
          such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
          arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
          
          Return -1 on failure.
          """
          return 0
  
      def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format    字符串格式化
          """
          S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
          
          Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
          The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
          """
          pass
  
      def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__    字符串格式化，指定mapping格式
          """
          S.format_map(mapping) -> str
          
          Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
          The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
          """
          return ""
  
      def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   返回子序列的索引，无则报错
          """
          S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
          
          Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 
          such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
          arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
          
          Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
          """
          return 0
  
      def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__      判断是否全是数字、字母
          """
          S.isalnum() -> bool
          
          Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
          and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全是字母
          """
          S.isalpha() -> bool
          
          Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
          and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  判断是否全是十进制数字
          """
          S.isdecimal() -> bool
          
          Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
          False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全是数字
          """
          S.isdigit() -> bool
          
          Return True if all characters in S are digits
          and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  判断是否是有效标识符，用来判断变量命名是否合法
          """
          S.isidentifier() -> bool
          
          Return True if S is a valid identifier according
          to the language definition.
          
          Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
          such as "def" and "class".
          """
          return False
  
      def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全是小写
          """
          S.islower() -> bool
          
          Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
          at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全是数字
          """
          S.isnumeric() -> bool
          
          Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
          False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全可以打印
          """
          S.isprintable() -> bool
          
          Return True if all characters in S are considered
          printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否全是空格、换行符、制表符
          """
          S.isspace() -> bool
          
          Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
          and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   判断是否是标题字符
          """
          S.istitle() -> bool
          
          Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
          character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
          follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
          Return False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  判断是否全是大写
          """
          S.isupper() -> bool
          
          Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
          at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
          """
          return False
  
      def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  生成一个由指定字符串填充连接可迭代字符的字符串
          """
          S.join(iterable) -> str
          
          Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
          iterable.  The separator between elements is S.
          """
          return ""
  
      def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  内容左对齐，右侧填充，默认空格，可选fillchar
          """
          S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
          
          Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
          done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
          """
          return ""
  
      def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   将字符串中的所有英文字母小写
          """
          S.lower() -> str
          
          Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
          """
          return ""
  
      def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  移除左侧空格
          """
          S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
          
          Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
          If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
          """
          return ""
  
      def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown     创建字符映射的转换表
          """
          Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
          
          If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
          ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
          Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
          If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
          in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
          character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
          must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
          """
          pass
  
      def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   将字符串分成三部分：sep序列、sep前序列、sep后序列
          """
          S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
          
          Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
          the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not
          found, return S and two empty strings.
          """
          pass
  
      def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   替换字符，count指定替换次数
          """
          S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
          
          Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
          old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
          given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
          """
          return ""
  
      def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  返回从右往左查找子序列的索引，没找到返回-1
          """
          S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
          
          Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
          such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
          arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
          
          Return -1 on failure.
          """
          return 0
  
      def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  从右边开始查找子序列，没找到报错
          """
          S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
          
          Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
          such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
          arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
          
          Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
          """
          return 0
  
      def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  内容右对齐，左侧填充
          """
          S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
          
          Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
          done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
          """
          return ""
  
      def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   从右边开始，将字符串分成三部分，sep、sep后】sep前
          """
          S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
          
          Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
          the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
          separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
          """
          pass
  
      def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  从右边开始返回按指定分隔符切割指定次数字符串的list
          """
          S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
          
          Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
          delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
          working to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
          splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
          is a separator.
          """
          return []
  
      def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  移除右侧空白
          """
          S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
          
          Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
          If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
          """
          return ""
  
      def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  按指定分隔符切割字符串，maxsplit指定切割次数，从左往右
          """
          S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
          
          Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
          delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
          splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
          whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
          removed from the result.
          """
          return []
  
      def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 根据换行符分割字符串
          """
          S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
          
          Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
          Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
          is given and true.
          """
          return []
  
      def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  判断是否以子序列开头
          """
          S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
          
          Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
          With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
          With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
          prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
          """
          return False
  
      def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__   去除首尾空格
          """
          S.strip([chars]) -> str
          
          Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
          whitespace removed.
          If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
          """
          return ""
  
      def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  大写变小写，小写变大写
          """
          S.swapcase() -> str
          
          Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
          and vice versa.
          """
          return ""
  
      def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  将字符串变为title字符
          """
          S.title() -> str
          
          Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
          characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
          """
          return ""
  
      def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  转换字符，按照table规则
  
  #intab = "aeiou"
  #outtab = "12345"
  #trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
  #s = "this is string example....wow!!!"
  #print(s.translate(trantab)
          """
          S.translate(table) -> str
          
          Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
          through the given translation table. The table must implement
          lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
          mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
          this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
          Characters mapped to None are deleted.
          """
          return ""
  
      def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  大写
          """
          S.upper() -> str
          
          Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
          """
          return ""
  
      def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__  返回指定长度字符串，原字符串右对齐，左侧填0
          """
          S.zfill(width) -> str
          
          Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
          of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
          """
          return ""

  def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 字符串的加法运算 """
          """ Return self+value. """
          pass
  
      def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 是否包含 """
          """ Return key in self. """
          pass
  
      def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 比较前后两个字符串是否相等 """
          """ Return self==value. """
          pass
  
      def __format__(self, format_spec):  # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
          """ 字符串格式化 """
          """
          S.__format__(format_spec) -> str
  
          Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
          """
          return ""
  
      def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
          """ Return getattr(self, name). """
          pass
  
      def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 根据索引取值 x.____getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
          """ Return self[key]. """
          pass
  
      def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 内部调用__new__或创建对象时传入参数使用 """
          pass
  
      def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 比较左边的字符串的ascii码值是否大于等于右边的ascii码值 """
          """ Return self>=value. """
          pass
  
      def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 比较左边的字符串的ascii码值是否大于右边的ascii码值 """
          """ Return self>value. """
          pass
  
      def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 返回字符串的哈希值 """
          """ Return hash(self). """
          pass
  
      def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'):  # known special case of str.__init__
          """ 构造方法，创建string对象时调用 """
          """
          str(object='') -> str
          str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
  
          Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
          errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
          that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
          Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
          or repr(object).
          encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
          errors defaults to 'strict'.
          # (copied from class doc)
          """
          pass
  
      def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 返回迭代器对象 """
          """ Implement iter(self). """
          pass
  
      def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 返回字符串的长度 """
          """ Return len(self). """
          pass
  
      def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 比较左边的字符串的ascii码值是否小于等于右边的ascii码值 """
          """ Return self<=value. """
          pass
  
      def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 比较左边的字符串的ascii码值是否小于右边的ascii码值 """
          """ Return self<value. """
          pass
  
      def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ Return self%value. """
          pass
  
      def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 字符串的惩罚运算 """
          """ Return self*value.n """
  
          pass
  
      @staticmethod  # known case of __new__
      def __new__(*args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
          pass
  
      def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ x.__ne__(y) 如果x与y的值不相等，返回True,相等则返回False """
          """ Return self!=value. """
          pass
  
      def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
          """ Return repr(self). """
          pass
  
      def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ Return value%self. """
          pass
  
      def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 字符串的乘法运算 """
          """ Return self*value. """
          pass
  
      def __sizeof__(self):  # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
          """ 返回在内存中占用的字节数 """
          """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
          pass
  
      def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
          """ 转化成可读取的形式 """
          """ Return str(self). """
          pass