MYSQL学习6子查询

MYSQL学习6子查询
#进阶7：子查询
/*
含义：
出现在其他语句中的select语句，称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句，称为主查询或外查询

分类：
按子查询出现的位置
select后面
仅仅支持标量子查询
from后面
支持表子查询
where或having后面
标量子查询（单行）
列子查询（多行）
行子查询
exists后面（相关子查询）
表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同：
标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列）
列子查询（结果集只有一列多行）
行子查询（结果集一般有一行多列，可以多行多列）
表子查询（结果集一般为多行多列，行列数任意）

/
#一、where或having后面
/
1.标量子查询（单行子查询）
2.列子查询（多行子查询）
3.行子查询（多列多行）
特点：
1.子查询放在小括号内

2.子查询一般放在条件右侧

3.标量子查询，一般搭配单行操作符

< >= <= <>

列子查询，一般搭配着多行操作符
IN/NOT IN 等于列表中的任意一个
ANY/SOME 和子查询返回的某一个值比较
ALL 和子查询返回的所有值比较

4.子查询的执行优先于主查询执行，主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
*/

#1.标量子查询
#案例1：谁的工资比Able高？

#1.查询Able的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name=‘Abel’;

#2.查询员工的信息，满足salary>1结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name=‘Abel’
);

#案例2；返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比141号员工多的员工姓名，job_id 和工资
#1.查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141;

#2.查询工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143;

#3
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=(SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141)
AND salary>(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143);

#案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees);

#案例4；查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)最低工资
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 最低工资>(
SELECT MIN(salary)最低工资
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50)

#非法使用标量子查询

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)最低工资
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 最低工资>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50);

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)最低工资
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 最低工资>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=350);

#2.列子查询（多行子查询）
#案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中所有员工的姓名
#1.查询locationid是1400或1700的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700);

#2.查询员工姓名，要求部门号是1中的某一个
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

in= ‘=any’

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =ANY(SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

#not in= ‘<>all’
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id NOT IN(SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id <>ALL(SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

#案例2：返回其他工种中比jobid为itprog 工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、jobid以及salary

SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id IN(‘IT_PROG’);

SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id IN(‘IT_PROG’)
)
AND job_id<>‘IT_PROG’;

#或
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id IN(‘IT_PROG’)
)
AND job_id<>‘IT_PROG’;

#案例3：返回其他工种中比jobid为itprog 工种所有工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、jobid以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id IN(‘IT_PROG’)
)
AND job_id<>‘IT_PROG’;

SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id IN(‘IT_PROG’)
)
AND job_id<>‘IT_PROG’;

#3.行子查询（结果一行多列或多行多列）

#案例：查询员工编号最小并工资最高的员工信息

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
SELECT MIN(employees),MAX(salary)
FROM employees);

#二、select后面
/仅仅支持标量子查询/
#案例1：查询各部门员工数
SELECT d.,(
SELECT COUNT()
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id)个数
FROM departments d;

SELECT d.,COUNT()
FROM departments d
LEFT OUTER JOIN employees e
ON d.department_id=e.department_id
GROUP BY e.department_id;

#案例2：查询员工号为102的部门名
SELECT (SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
INNER JOIN employees e
ON d.department_id=e.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id=102 ) 部门名;

SELECT (SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id=(SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=102) ) 部门名;

#三、from后面
/*
将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名
*/
#案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#1.查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT department_id,AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

#2.连接1的结果集和job_grade表，筛选条件是平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal

SELECT ag_dep.*,job_grades.grade_level
FROM(
SELECT AVG(salary) AS ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;

#4.exists后面（相关子查询）
/*
语法：
exists（完整的查询语句）
结果：1或0

*/
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id=2000);

#案例1：查询有员工的部门名

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id);

#in
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id IN(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees);

#案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息

SELECT *
FROM boys
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty
WHERE beauty.boyfriend_id=boys.id);

#in
SELECT *
FROM boys
WHERE boys.id NOT IN(SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty);

#练习
#1.查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name=‘Zlotkey’);

#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >(
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees);

#3.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资

SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN(
SELECT AVG(salary) a,department_id b
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id) avg_sa
ON e.department_id=avg_sa.b
WHERE salary >avg_sa.a;

#4.查询和姓名包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名
SELECT employee_id,last_name,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE ‘%u%’)
ORDER BY department_id;

#5.查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id=1700);

#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = ‘K_ing’);

#7.查询工资最高的员工的姓名，要求firstname和lastname显示是为一列，列为姓.名
SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name) AS ‘姓.名’
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees);