Oracle外连接

   对于外连接，Oracle中可以使用“(+)”来表示，9i可以使用LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOIN，下面将配合实例一一介绍。

  1. LEFT OUTER JOIN:左外关联

  SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name

  FROM employees e

  LEFT OUTER JOIN departments d

  ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);

  等价于

  SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name

  FROM employees e, departments d

  WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id(+);

  结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录。

  2. RIGHT OUTER JOIN:右外关联

  SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name

  FROM employees e

  RIGHT OUTER JOIN departments d

  ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);

  等价于

  SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name

  FROM employees e, departments d

  WHERE e.department_id(+)=d.department_id;

  结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有任何员工的部门记录。

  3. FULL OUTER JOIN:全外关联

  SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name

  FROM employees e

  FULL OUTER JOIN departments d

  ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);

  结果为:所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录和没有任何员工的部门记录。