函数 : ioctl(int fd, int request, void * arg)
定义 : <sys/ioctl.h>
功能 : 控制I/O设备, 提供了一种获得设备信息和向设备发送控制参数的手段.
参数 : int fd 文件句柄. 用于socket时, 是socket套接字.
int request 函数定义的所有操作. 关于socket的操作, 定义在<linux/sockios.h>文件中.
struct ifreq
{
#define IFHWADDRLEN 6
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];
} ifr_ifrn;
union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
void __user * ifru_data;
struct if_settings ifru_settings;
} ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name
#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu
#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map
#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data
#define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname
#define ifr_settings ifr_ifru.ifru_settings
基本介绍:
ifreq结构定义在/usr/include/net/if.h,用来配置ip地址,激活接口,配置MTU等接口信息的。其中包含了一个接口的名 字和具体内容——(是个共用体,有可能是IP地址,广播地址,子网掩码,MAC号,MTU或其他内容)。ifreq包含在ifconf结构中。而 ifconf结构通常是用来保存所有接口的信息的。
举例说明:
在Linux系统中,ifconfig命令是通过ioctl接口与内核通信,例如,当系统管理员输入如下命令来改变接口eth0的MTU大小:
ifconfig eth0 mtu 1250
ifconfig命令首先打开一个socket,然后通过系统管理员输入的参数初始化一个数据结构,并通过ioctl调用将数据传送到内核。SIOCSIFMTU是命令标识符。
struct ifreq data;
fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
< ... initialize "data" ...>
err = ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFMTU, &data);
定义 : <sys/ioctl.h>
功能 : 控制I/O设备, 提供了一种获得设备信息和向设备发送控制参数的手段.
参数 : int fd 文件句柄. 用于socket时, 是socket套接字.
int request 函数定义的所有操作. 关于socket的操作, 定义在<linux/sockios.h>文件中.
void *arg 指针的类型依赖于request参数.
下面是程序:
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "net/if.h"
#include "arpa/inet.h"
#include "linux/sockios.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in *addr;
struct ifreq ifr;
char*address;
int sockfd;
char *name = "eth0";
if( strlen(name) >= IFNAMSIZ)
printf("device name is error.\n"), exit(0);
strcpy( ifr.ifr_name, name);
sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
//get inet addr
if( ioctl( sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1)
printf("ioctl error.\n"), exit(0);
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr.ifr_addr);
address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("inet addr: %s\n",address);
//get Mask
if( ioctl( sockfd, SIOCGIFNETMASK, &ifr) == -1)
printf("ioctl error.\n"), exit(0);
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("Mask: %s\n",address);
//get HWaddr
u_int8_t hd[6];
if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) == -1)
printf("hwaddr error.\n"), exit(0);
memcpy( hd, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, sizeof(hd));
printf("HWaddr: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", hd[0], hd[1], hd[2], hd[3], hd[4], hd[5]);
exit(0);
}
二、设置
以下例程设置eth0的IP地址.
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "net/if.h"
#include "arpa/inet.h"
#include "linux/sockios.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
char *dev = "eth0";
char *ip = "192.168.1.252";
struct ifreq ifr;
if( strlen(dev) >= IFNAMSIZ)
printf("device name error.\n"), exit(0);
else
strcpy( ifr.ifr_name, dev);
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
//get inet addr
if( ioctl( sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1)
printf("ioctl error.\n"), exit(0);
struct sockaddr_in *addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr.ifr_addr);
char * address = inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr);
printf("current inet addr: %s\n",address);
//set inet addr
struct sockaddr_in *p = (struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr.ifr_addr);
p->sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_aton( ip, &(p->sin_addr));
if( ioctl( sockfd, SIOCSIFADDR, &ifr) == -1)
printf("ioctl error.\n"), exit(0);
else
printf("change inet addr to: %s\n", ip);
//any OS need active dev.
/*ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
if( ioctl( sockfd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
printf("active fault.\n"), exit(0);
else
printf("%s[%s] is working...\n", dev, ip);
*/
close(sockfd);
exit(1);
//end
}
屏蔽的代码用于设置IP后, 激活新设置. 多数系统不需要这步操作.
而且这步仅作演示. 真实使用的时候, 至少应该
1. 获取当前ifr.ifr_flags
2. ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
以上是ioctl的一些示例, 实战中灵活使用、举一反三.
结构原型:struct ifreq
{
#define IFHWADDRLEN 6
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];
} ifr_ifrn;
union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
void __user * ifru_data;
struct if_settings ifru_settings;
} ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name
#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu
#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map
#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data
#define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname
#define ifr_settings ifr_ifru.ifru_settings
基本介绍:
ifreq结构定义在/usr/include/net/if.h,用来配置ip地址,激活接口,配置MTU等接口信息的。其中包含了一个接口的名 字和具体内容——(是个共用体,有可能是IP地址,广播地址,子网掩码,MAC号,MTU或其他内容)。ifreq包含在ifconf结构中。而 ifconf结构通常是用来保存所有接口的信息的。
举例说明:
在Linux系统中,ifconfig命令是通过ioctl接口与内核通信,例如,当系统管理员输入如下命令来改变接口eth0的MTU大小:
ifconfig eth0 mtu 1250
ifconfig命令首先打开一个socket,然后通过系统管理员输入的参数初始化一个数据结构,并通过ioctl调用将数据传送到内核。SIOCSIFMTU是命令标识符。
struct ifreq data;
fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
< ... initialize "data" ...>
err = ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFMTU, &data);