CUDA By Examples 3 - 绘制Julia Set

1. 使用CPU方法

CUDA By Examples 第四章例程:

#include "../common/book.h"
#include "../common/cpu_bitmap.h"
//不能超过65535
#define DIM 512

struct cuComplex {
    float   r;
    float   i;
    cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b)  {}
    float magnitude2( void ) { return r * r + i * i; }
    cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) {
        return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i);
    }
    cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) {
        return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i);
    }
};

int julia( int x, int y ) { 
    const float scale = 1.5;
    float jx = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - x)/(DIM/2);
    float jy = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - y)/(DIM/2);

    cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156);
    cuComplex a(jx, jy);

    int i = 0;
    for (i=0; i<200; i++) {
        a = a * a + c;
        if (a.magnitude2() > 1000)
            return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

void kernel( unsigned char *ptr ){
    for (int y=0; y<DIM; y++) {
        for (int x=0; x<DIM; x++) {
            int offset = x + y * DIM;

            int juliaValue = julia( x, y );
            ptr[offset*4 + 0] = 255 * juliaValue;
            ptr[offset*4 + 1] = 0;
            ptr[offset*4 + 2] = 0;
            ptr[offset*4 + 3] = 255;
        }
    }
 }

int main( void ) {
    CPUBitmap bitmap( DIM, DIM );
    unsigned char *ptr = bitmap.get_ptr();

    kernel( ptr );

    bitmap.display_and_exit();
}

还需要添加随书代码包里的头文件和库文件等.

编译时会和MSVCRTD.LIB冲突, 需要在工程配置中忽略此库:

运行结果:

2. 使用GPU方法

1. __device__函数在device上运行, 不能用host调用, 也不能调用host的函数.
2. __global__函数在device上运行, 由host调用.

#include "../common/book.h"
#include "../common/cpu_bitmap.h"

#define DIM 512

struct cuComplex {
    float   r;
    float   i;
    //改正: cuComplex必须是__device__, 因为被__device__ julia 调用了
    __device__ cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b)  {}
    __device__ float magnitude2( void ) {
        return r * r + i * i;
    }
    __device__ cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) {
        return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i);
    }
    __device__ cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) {
        return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i);
    }
};

__device__ int julia( int x, int y ) {
    const float scale = 1.5;
    float jx = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - x)/(DIM/2);
    float jy = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - y)/(DIM/2);

    cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156);
    cuComplex a(jx, jy);

    int i = 0;
    for (i=0; i<200; i++) {
        a = a * a + c;
        if (a.magnitude2() > 1000)
            return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

__global__ void kernel( unsigned char *ptr ) {
    // map from blockIdx to pixel position
    int x = blockIdx.x;
    int y = blockIdx.y;
    int offset = x + y * gridDim.x;

    // now calculate the value at that position
    int juliaValue = julia( x, y );
    ptr[offset*4 + 0] = 255 * juliaValue;
    ptr[offset*4 + 1] = 0;
    ptr[offset*4 + 2] = 0;
    ptr[offset*4 + 3] = 255;
}

// globals needed by the update routine
struct DataBlock {
    unsigned char   *dev_bitmap;
};

int main( void ) {
    DataBlock   data;
    CPUBitmap bitmap( DIM, DIM, &data );
    unsigned char    *dev_bitmap;

    HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_bitmap, bitmap.image_size() ) );
    data.dev_bitmap = dev_bitmap;

    dim3    grid(DIM,DIM);
    kernel<<<grid,1>>>( dev_bitmap );

    HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMemcpy( bitmap.get_ptr(), dev_bitmap,
                              bitmap.image_size(),
                              cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost ) );

    HANDLE_ERROR( cudaFree( dev_bitmap ) );

    bitmap.display_and_exit();
}

输出和CPU方法一样.

补充: CUDA函数前缀详解
1. __device__
使用 _device_限定符声明的函数具有以下特征：
a. 在设备上执行；
b.仅可通过设备调用。
2.__global__
使用_global_限定符可将函数声明为内核。此类函数：
a. 在设备上执行；
b. 仅可通过主机调用。
3. __host__
使用 _host_ 限定符声明的函数具有以下特征：
a. 在主机上执行；
b. 仅可通过主机调用。