最近在使用python做接口测试,发现python中http请求方法有许多种,今天抽点时间把相关内容整理,分享给大家,具体内容如下所示:
一、python自带库----urllib2
python自带库urllib2使用的比较多,简单使用如下:
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/jenkins/api/json?pretty=true')
print response.read()
简单的get请求
import urllib2
import urllib
post_data = urllib.urlencode({})
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/, post_data)
print response.read()
print response.getheaders()
这就是最简单的urllib2发送post例子。代码比较多
二、python自带库--httplib
httplib是一个相对底层的http请求模块,urlib就是基于httplib封装的。简单使用如下:
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import
httplib
conn
=
httplib.HTTPConnection(
"www.python.org"
)
conn.request(
"GET"
,
"/index.html"
)
r1
=
conn.getresponse()
print
r1.status, r1.reason
data1
=
r1.read()
conn.request(
"GET"
,
"/parrot.spam"
)
r2
=
conn.getresponse()
data2
=
r2.read()
conn.close()
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简单的get请求
我们再来看post请求
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import
httplib, urllib
params
=
urllib.urlencode({
'@number'
:
12524
,
'@type'
:
'issue'
,
'@action'
:
'show'
})
headers
=
{
"Content-type"
:
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
,
"Accept"
:
"text/plain"
}
conn
=
httplib.HTTPConnection(
"bugs.python.org"
)
conn.request(
"POST"
, "", params, headers)
response
=
conn.getresponse()
data
=
response.read()
print
data
conn.close()
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是不是觉得太复杂了。每次写还得再翻文档,看看第三种吧
三、第三方库--requests
发请get请求超级简单:
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print requests.get('http:
//localhost
:8080).text
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就一句话,再来看看post请求
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payload
=
{
'key1'
:
'value1'
,
'key2'
:
'value2'
}
r
=
requests.post(
"http://httpbin.org/post"
, data
=
payload)
print
r.text
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也很简单。
再看看如果要认证:
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url
=
'http://localhost:8080'
r
=
requests.post(url, data
=
{}, auth
=
HTTPBasicAuth(
'admin'
,
'admin'
))
print
r.status_code
print
r.headers
print
r.reason
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是不是比urllib2更简单多了吧,且requests自带json解析。这点非常棒
python中的http请求
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import
urllib
params
=
urllib.urlencode({key:value,key:value})
resultHtml
=
urllib.urlopen(
'[API or 网址]'
,params)
result
=
resultHtml.read()
print
result
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