Python接口自动化之requests请求封装！_python requests封装接口方法(1)

    try:
        result = requests.post(url, params=params, data=data, json=json)
        return result
    except Exception as e:
        print("post请求错误: %s" % e)
def run_main(self, method, **kwargs):
    """
    判断请求类型
    :param method: 请求接口类型
    :param kwargs: 选填参数
    :return: 接口返回内容
    """
    if method == 'get':
        result = self.get(**kwargs)
        return result
    elif method == 'post':
        result = self.post(**kwargs)
        return result
    else:
        print('请求接口类型错误')

if name == ‘main’:
# 以下是测试代码
# get请求接口
url = ‘https://api.apiopen.top/getJoke?page=1&count=2&type=video’
res = RequestHandler().get(url)
# post请求接口
url2 = ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/login/’
payload = {
“username”: “vivi”,
“password”: “123456”
}
res2 = RequestHandler().post(url2,json=payload)
print(res.json())
print(res2.json())

请求结果如下：

{‘code’: 200, ‘message’: ‘成功!’, ‘result’: [{‘sid’: ‘31004305’, ‘text’: ‘羊：师傅，理个发，稍微修一下就行’, ‘type’: ‘video’, ‘thumbnail’: ‘http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/picture/2020/0410/5e8fbf227c7f3_wpd.jpg’, ‘video’: ‘http://uvideo.spriteapp.cn/video/2020/0410/5e8fbf227c7f3_wpd.mp4’, ‘images’: None, ‘up’: ‘95’, ‘down’: ‘1’, ‘forward’: ‘0’, ‘comment’: ‘25’, ‘uid’: ‘23189193’, ‘name’: ‘青川小舟’, ‘header’: ‘http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile/large/2019/12/24/5e01934bb01b5_mini.jpg’, ‘top_comments_content’: None, ‘top_comments_voiceuri’: None, ‘top_comments_uid’: None, ‘top_comments_name’: None, ‘top_comments_header’: None, ‘passtime’: ‘2020-04-12 01:43:02’}, {‘sid’: ‘30559863’, ‘text’: ‘机器人女友，除了不能生孩子，其他的啥都会，价格239000元’, ‘type’: ‘video’, ‘thumbnail’: ‘http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/picture/2020/0306/5e61a41172a1b_wpd.jpg’, ‘video’: ‘http://uvideo.spriteapp.cn/video/2020/0306/5e61a41172a1b_wpd.mp4’, ‘images’: None, ‘up’: ‘80’, ‘down’: ‘6’, ‘forward’: ‘3’, ‘comment’: ‘20’, ‘uid’: ‘23131273’, ‘name’: ‘水到渠成’, ‘header’: ‘http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile/large/2019/07/04/5d1d90349cd1a_mini.jpg’, ‘top_comments_content’: ‘为游戏做的秀’, ‘top_comments_voiceuri’: ‘’, ‘top_comments_uid’: ‘10250040’, ‘top_comments_name’: ‘不得姐用户’, ‘top_comments_header’: ‘http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile’, ‘passtime’: ‘2020-04-11 20:43:49’}]}
{‘token’: ‘eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InZpdmkiLCJleHAiOjE1ODY4NTc0MzcsImVtYWlsIjoidml2aUBxcS5jb20ifQ.k6y0dAfNU2o9Hd9LFfxEk1HKgczlQfUaKE-imPfTsm4’, ‘user_id’: 1, ‘username’: ‘vivi’}

这样就完美了吗，no,no,no。以上代码痛点如下：


代码量大：只是封装了get、post请求，加上其他请求类型，代码量较大；


缺少会话管理：请求之间如何保持会话状态。

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我们再来回顾下get、post等请求源码，看下是否有啥特点。


get请求源码：

def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
r""“Sends a GET request.
:param url: URL for the new :class:Request object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
in the query string for the :class:Request.
:param **kwargs: Optional arguments that request takes.
:return: :class:Response <Response> object
:rtype: requests.Response
“””
kwargs.setdefault(‘allow_redirects’, True)
return request(‘get’, url, params=params, **kwargs)

post请求源码：

def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
r""“Sends a POST request.
:param url: URL for the new :class:Request object.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param **kwargs: Optional arguments that request takes.
:return: :class:Response <Response> object
:rtype: requests.Response
“””
return request(‘post’, url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)

仔细研究下，发现get、post请求返回的都是request函数。


既然这样，我们再来研究下request源码：

def request(method, url, **kwargs):
“”“Constructs and sends a :class:Request <Request>.
:param method: method for the new :class:Request object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:Request object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
in the query string for the :class:Request.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:Request.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:Request.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of 'name': file-like-objects (or {'name': file-tuple}) for multipart encoding upload.
file-tuple can be a 2-tuple ('filename', fileobj), 3-tuple ('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')
or a 4-tuple ('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers), where 'content-type' is a string
defining the content type of the given file and custom_headers a dict-like object containing additional headers
to add for the file.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts> tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to True.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
:param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server’s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to True.
:param stream: (optional) if False, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.
:return: :class:Response <Response> object
:rtype: requests.Response
Usage::
>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.request(‘GET’, ‘https://httpbin.org/get’)
<Response [200]>
“””
# By using the ‘with’ statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
with sessions.Session() as session:
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)

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