LeetCode 93: Restore IP Addresses (DFS题)

93. Restore IP Addresses
    Medium

Given a string s containing only digits, return all possible valid IP addresses that can be obtained from s. You can return them in any order.

A valid IP address consists of exactly four integers, each integer is between 0 and 255, separated by single dots and cannot have leading zeros. For example, “0.1.2.201” and “192.168.1.1” are valid IP addresses and “0.011.255.245”, “192.168.1.312” and “192.168@1.1” are invalid IP addresses.

Example 1:

Input: s = “25525511135”
Output: [“255.255.11.135”,“255.255.111.35”]
Example 2:

Input: s = “0000”
Output: [“0.0.0.0”]
Example 3:

Input: s = “1111”
Output: [“1.1.1.1”]
Example 4:

Input: s = “010010”
Output: [“0.10.0.10”,“0.100.1.0”]
Example 5:

Input: s = “101023”
Output: [“1.0.10.23”,“1.0.102.3”,“10.1.0.23”,“10.10.2.3”,“101.0.2.3”]

Constraints:

0 <= s.length <= 3000
s consists of digits only.

解法1：
这题有点像全排列和全组合。但不同的是全排列和全组合用过的元素都要pop_back，因为只能用1次。这里就是从左往右扫描，不需要pop_back。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
        vector<string> res;
        dfs(s, 0, "", res);
        return res;
    }

private:
    bool isValid(string s) {
       if (s.empty() || s.size() > 3 || (s.size() > 1 && s[0] == '0')) return false;
       int res = atoi(s.c_str());
       return (res >= 0 && res <= 255);
    }
    
    void dfs(string s, int level, string output, vector<string> &res) {
        if (level == 4) {
            if (s.empty()) res.push_back(output);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
            if (s.size() >= i && isValid(s.substr(0, i))) {
                string new_output = output + s.substr(0, i);
                if (level < 3) new_output = new_output + ".";
                dfs(s.substr(i), level + 1, new_output, res);
            } 
        }
    }
};