LintCode 87: Remove Node in Binary Search Tree (二叉树经典题!)

87. Remove Node in Binary Search Tree
    中文English
    Given a root of Binary Search Tree with unique value for each node. Remove the node with given value. If there is no such a node with given value in the binary search tree, do nothing. You should keep the tree still a binary search tree after removal.

Example
Example 1

Input:
Tree = {5,3,6,2,4}
k = 3
Output: {5,2,6,#,4} or {5,4,6,2}
Explanation:
Given binary search tree:
5
/
3 6
/
2 4
Remove 3, you can either return:
5
/
2 6

4
or
5
/
4 6
/
2

Example 2

Input:
Tree = {5,3,6,2,4}
k = 4
Output: {5,3,6,2}
Explanation:
Given binary search tree:
5
/
3 6
/
2 4
Remove 4, you should return:
5
/
3 6
/
2

解法1：这个思路比较简洁。基于PreOrder和递归。
思路：
首先看root是否为空，若是返回root。
然后看root->val是不是已经是value，如果是，

1. 若root无左子树，返回右子树。
2. 若root无右子树返回左子树。
3. 若root的左右子树都存在，找root左子树中的最大值节点，找到后将root的右子树嫁接到最大值节点的右节点即可。当然，也可以找root右子树中的最小值节点，找到后将root的左子树嫁接到最小值节点的左节点。

代码如下:

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * class TreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left, *right;
 *     TreeNode(int val) {
 *         this->val = val;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */


class Solution {
public:
    /*
     * @param root: The root of the binary search tree.
     * @param value: Remove the node with given value.
     * @return: The root of the binary search tree after removal.
     */
    TreeNode * removeNode(TreeNode * root, int value) {
        if (!root) return NULL;
   
        if (root->val == value) {
            if (!root->left) return root->right;
            if (!root->right) return root->left;
            
            //find the maximum node in left sub-tree
            TreeNode * node = root->left;
            while(node->right) {
                node = node->right;
            }
            node->right = root->right;
            return root->left;
        }
        
        if (root->val > value) {
            root->left = removeNode(root->left, value);    
        } else {
            root->right = removeNode(root->right, value);
        }
        
        return root;
    }
};

二刷：上面的解法就是说，如果当前节点就是要找到节点，那么找到当前节点的前驱节点，然后删掉当前节点，接上前驱节点。

class Solution {
public:
    /*
     * @param root: The root of the binary search tree.
     * @param value: Remove the node with given value.
     * @return: The root of the binary search tree after removal.
     */
    TreeNode * removeNode(TreeNode * root, int value) {
        if (!root) return nullptr;
        if (value < root->val) {
            root->left = removeNode(root->left, value);
        } else if (value > root->val) {
            root->right = removeNode(root->right, value);
        } else {
            if (!root->left || !root->right) {
                TreeNode *temp = (root->left) ? root->left : root->right;
                delete(root);
                return temp;
            } else {
                //find the predecessor
                TreeNode *predecessor = root->left;
                while(predecessor->right) predecessor = predecessor->right;
                
                root->val = predecessor->val;
                root->left = removeNode(root->left, predecessor->val);
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
};

解法2：跟解法1差不多，但是是找到当前节点的后续节点，然后删除当前节点，接上后续节点。

class Solution {
public:
    /*
     * @param root: The root of the binary search tree.
     * @param value: Remove the node with given value.
     * @return: The root of the binary search tree after removal.
     */
    TreeNode * removeNode(TreeNode * root, int value) {
        if (!root) return nullptr;
        if (value < root->val) {
            root->left = removeNode(root->left, value);
        } else if (value > root->val) {
            root->right = removeNode(root->right, value);
        } else {
            if (!root->left || !root->right) {
                TreeNode *temp = (root->left) ? root->left : root->right;
                delete(root);
                return temp;
            } else {
                //find the successor
                TreeNode *successor = root->right;
                while(successor->left) successor = successor->left;
                
                root->val = successor->val;
                root->right = removeNode(root->right, successor->val);
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
};