一文搞定课程实践！(java+mysql）学生信息管理系统

一、前言

本文展示的代码均为博主大二下学期java实践作业的产物，初学java有很多不足，大家在使用过程中发现可以改进的地方欢迎私信与我讨论。

二、开发环境

java：java 17.0.6 

编译器：idealC（版本：2023.1）

数据库：mysql 5.6.23

数据库管理工具：Navicat Premium 17.0.7（有14天的免费试用期，超过期限了需要交费，当时用这个工具是因为它的页面相对简洁，以中文为主，大家在实际应用中不想要付费软件的话也可以用官方的mysql workbench）

外部库：mysql-connector-java-8.0.26.jar（要实现java与数据库连接需要先导入外部库）

以上这些东西的下载安装，大家可以根据自己的需求去找相应的教程，这里就不再赘述了，接下来进入正题~

三、数据准备

（一）导入外部库

为了实现与数据库连接，需要先导入mysql-connector。

①首先下载mysql-connector的jar文件到本地（下载路径没有特别要求，可自定义，用的时候自己能找到就行）；

②下载完成后，打开idealC进入自己的项目，点击“文件—>项目结构”

③接着会出现如下界面，在“项目设计”这一列选择“库”这一行，点击“+”在下拉列表中选择“java”，然后选择mysql-connector的jar包的路径添加之后再保存即可

 （二）数据库信息准备

打开Navicat，建一个student数据库，里面建两个表，分别是user表和student_info表，前者用来储存管理员登录账号和密码，后者用来储存学生信息（因课程实践时间较短，主要是为了实现系统的功能，所以两个表的设计和输入的内容都比较简单，大家按自身需求自行调整）。

 以上就是前期数据准备了，接下来进入正题！

四、登录功能

（一）用户登录

1）登录界面

2）登录界面代码

编写代码规定登录窗口的基础排版样式，设置监听器监控按钮操作，设定if...else语句检验输入内容，弹出相关提示。

package studentsql;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.*;

class LoginDialog1 extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
    private JTextField usernameField;
    private JPasswordField passwordField;
    private JButton loginButton;
    private JLabel messageLabel;

    public LoginDialog1(JFrame parent) {
        super(parent, "登录", true);
        setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);

        gc.gridx = 0; gc.gridy = 0;
        add(new JLabel("用户名:"), gc);
        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 0;
        usernameField = new JTextField(20);
        add(usernameField, gc);

        gc.gridx = 0; gc.gridy = 1;
        add(new JLabel("密码:"), gc);
        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 1;
        passwordField = new JPasswordField(20);
        add(passwordField, gc);

        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 2;
        loginButton = new JButton("登录");
        loginButton.addActionListener(this);
        add(loginButton, gc);

        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 3;
        messageLabel = new JLabel("");
        messageLabel.setForeground(Color.RED);
        add(messageLabel, gc);

        pack();
        setLocationRelativeTo(parent);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == loginButton) {
            String username = usernameField.getText();
            String password = new String(passwordField.getPassword());

            if (isValidLogin(username, password)) {
                // 登录成功，关闭登录对话框并继续到主界面操作
                dispose();
            } else {
                messageLabel.setText("用户名或密码错误，请重试。");
            }
        }
    }

 （二）登录信息验证

1）输入错误信息提示

 2）登录成功后显示主界面

3）验证登录信息的代码

    // 验证登录信息
    private boolean isValidLogin(String username, String password) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            String uri = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
//localhost:3306，其中3306是我的数据库接口，下载时mysql的默认接口是3306，但是如果这个接口被其他软件占用的话，会改成另一个接口号，大家根据自身实际修改接口号；“student?"中的student是我新建的数据库名，大家也按需修改。
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, "填用户名", "填数据库密码");//这里两个双引号内容大家也按需填写
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE `user_id`=? AND `key`=?"; // 移除列名周围的单引号
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, username);
            pstmt.setString(2, password);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) { // 仅检查是否有结果
                return true;
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.err.println("登录验证出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        }
        return false;
    }
}

五、学生信息管理系统主界面 

1）功能界面

2）功能界面代码

public class jiemian extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    private Connection conn = null;
    private Statement stmt;
    private ResultSet rs;
    private String uri = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
//有关localhost和student的说明同上一板块代码
    private String user = "用户名";
    private String password = "填自己的数据库密码";
    private JTextField idField, nameField, sexField, specializedField, birthdayField;
    private JButton addButton, deleteButton, updateButton, queryButton;
    private JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10, 30);



    public jiemian() {
        // 初始化组件
        initializeComponents();
        // 设置窗体基本属性
        setTitle("学生管理系统");
        setSize(300, 200);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    private void initializeComponents() {
        // 初始化按钮并添加事件监听器
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        addButton = new JButton("添加");
        deleteButton = new JButton("删除");
        updateButton = new JButton("修改");
        queryButton = new JButton("查询");
        buttonPanel.add(addButton);
        buttonPanel.add(deleteButton);
        buttonPanel.add(updateButton);
        buttonPanel.add(queryButton);

        // 添加按钮事件监听器
        addButton.addActionListener(this);
        deleteButton.addActionListener(this);
        updateButton.addActionListener(this);
        queryButton.addActionListener(this);
        getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, "South");

        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setVisible(true);

        LoginDialog1 loginDialog = new LoginDialog1(this);
        loginDialog.setVisible(true);
    }


    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == queryButton) {
            showquery();
        } else if (e.getSource() == addButton) {
            showInsertStudentDialog();
        } else if (e.getSource() == deleteButton) {
            showDeleteStudent();
        } else if (e.getSource() == updateButton) {
            showupdateStudent();
        }
    }

 六、查询功能

（一）查询功能操作界面

1）功能操作界面

单击选择查询功能后，跳转到功能操作界面：

 2）执行全部查询

 3）执行单个查询

4）在单个查询功能中输入不存在学号 

5）查询功能代码

private void showquery() {
        final JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "查询学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 查询结果区域
        JTextArea queryResultArea = new JTextArea(10, 30);
        queryResultArea.setEditable(false);
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(queryResultArea);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 输入面板，用于存放查询条件输入组件
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        JTextField studentIdField = new JTextField(20);
        studentIdField.setVisible(false);
        inputPanel.add(studentIdField);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        // 按钮面板，包含全部查询、单个查询和取消按钮
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        JButton allQueryButton = new JButton("全部查询");
        JButton singleQueryButton = new JButton("单个查询");
        JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");

        allQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            query("全部查询", "", queryResultArea);
            queryResultArea.setText(textArea.getText());
        });

        singleQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            studentIdField.setVisible(true);
            dialog.revalidate(); // 重新验证对话框布局
            dialog.repaint();   // 重绘对话框
        });

        cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose());

        buttonPanel.add(allQueryButton);
        buttonPanel.add(singleQueryButton);
        buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        // 单个查询
        JButton confirmQueryButton = new JButton("确认查询");
        confirmQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            String studentId = studentIdField.getText();
            if (!studentId.trim().isEmpty()) {
                query("单个查询", studentId, queryResultArea);
                queryResultArea.setText(textArea.getText());
            } else {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "请输入学生ID", "提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            }
        });

        // 动态添加确认查询按钮到输入面板，当单个查询被点击时
        singleQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            inputPanel.add(confirmQueryButton);
            dialog.revalidate();
            dialog.repaint();
        });

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }

    private void query(String queryType, String studentId,JTextArea queryResultArea) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);

            String queryStr;
            PreparedStatement pstmt = null; // 初始化PreparedStatement变量

            if ("全部查询".equals(queryType)) {
                queryStr = "SELECT * FROM student_info";
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
            } else if ("单个查询".equals(queryType) && !studentId.isEmpty()) {
                queryStr = "SELECT * FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
                pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(queryStr); // 使用PreparedStatement
                pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            } else {
                textArea.setText("请选择有效的查询类型或输入学生ID");
                return;
            }

            ResultSet rs;
            if (pstmt != null) { // 对于单个查询，使用PreparedStatement执行查询
                rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            } else { // 全部查询，使用Statement执行
                rs = stmt.executeQuery(queryStr);
            }

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            boolean hasData = false;
            while (rs.next()) {
                hasData = true;
                String stu_id = rs.getString("id");
                String stu_sex = rs.getString("sex");
                String stu_name = rs.getString("name");
                String stu_specialized = rs.getString("specialized");
                String stu_birthday = rs.getString("birthday");
                sb.append(stu_id).append("\t").append(stu_sex).append("\t")
                        .append(stu_name).append("\t").append(stu_specialized)
                        .append("\t").append(stu_birthday).append("\n");
            }

            if (hasData) {
                textArea.setText(sb.toString());
            } else if ("单个查询".equals(queryType)) {
                textArea.setText("未找到该学生ID的记录");
            }

            // 确保PreparedStatement关闭
            if (pstmt != null) {
                pstmt.close();
            }
            stmt.close(); // 如果是全部查询，关闭Statement
            conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            textArea.setText("查询出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            textArea.setText("系统错误：" + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

 七、添加功能

（一）添加学生

1）添加功能界面

 2）添加功能代码

    // 添加学生
    private void showInsertStudentDialog() {
        JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "添加学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 创建输入面板并设置布局
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(10, 10));
        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("学号:"));
        idField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(idField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"));
        nameField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(nameField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"));
        sexField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(sexField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("专业:"));
        specializedField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(specializedField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("生日:"));
        birthdayField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(birthdayField);

        // 添加输入面板到对话框的中心区域
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 创建按钮面板用于确认和取消按钮
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        JButton confirmButton = new JButton("确认添加");
        confirmButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            // 获取输入值，调用insert方法
            insert();
            dialog.dispose(); // 关闭对话框
        });
        buttonPanel.add(confirmButton);

        JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");
        cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose()); // 点击取消时关闭对话框
        buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);

        // 将按钮面板添加到对话框的南侧
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }
    private void insert() {
        String id = idField.getText();
        String name = nameField.getText();
        String sex = sexField.getText();
        String specialized = specializedField.getText();
        String birthday = birthdayField.getText();

        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sqlStr = "INSERT INTO student_info(id, sex, name, specialized, birthday) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, id);
            pstmt.setString(2, sex);
            pstmt.setString(3, name);
            pstmt.setString(4, specialized);
            pstmt.setString(5, birthday);
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
            textArea.append("学生信息添加成功。\n");
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            textArea.setText("添加出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                textArea.append("关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage());
            }
        }
        clearInputFields(); // 清空输入框
    }

八、删除功能

（一）删除学生

1）删除界面

2）输入不存在的学号

3）执行删除操作

 4）删除功能代码

    private void showDeleteStudent() {
        JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "删除学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 创建一个标签和文本框用于输入学号
        JLabel idLabel = new JLabel("请输入要删除学生的学号:");
        JTextField idTextField = new JTextField(20);
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        inputPanel.add(idLabel);
        inputPanel.add(idTextField);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        // 创建一个标签用于显示操作结果
        JLabel resultLabel = new JLabel("", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(resultLabel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 添加确认删除按钮
        JButton deleteButton = new JButton("确认删除");
        deleteButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            // 获取输入的学号
            String studentId = idTextField.getText();
            if (!studentId.isEmpty()) {
                // 执行删除操作，并传入学号参数
                boolean deleted = deleteStudent(studentId);
                if (deleted) {
                    resultLabel.setText("学生信息删除成功。");
                } else {
                    resultLabel.setText("删除失败，未找到匹配的学号。");
                }
            } else {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "请输入学号", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            }
        });
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.add(deleteButton);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }

    private boolean deleteStudent(String studentId) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sqlStr = "DELETE FROM student_info WHERE id=?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            int rowsAffected = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            pstmt.close();
            return rowsAffected > 0;
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            return false;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            }
        }
    }

九、修改功能

（一）修改学生信息

1）修改界面

2）通过学号获取学生信息

• 输入不存在的学号

• 输入存在的学号

3）进行修改

 4）修改功能代码

private void showupdateStudent() {
    final JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "修改学生信息", true);
    dialog.setSize(900, 400);
    dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

    // 输入面板和布局
    JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(6, 2));
    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("学号:"));
    idField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(idField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"));
    nameField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(nameField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"));
    sexField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(sexField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("专业:"));
    specializedField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(specializedField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("生日:"));
    birthdayField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(birthdayField);
    dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    // 按钮面板
    JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

    // 获取数据按钮
    JButton getButton = new JButton("获取数据");
    getButton.addActionListener(e -> {
        String studentId = idField.getText();
        if (studentExists(studentId)) {
            fillStudentInfo(studentId, dialog); // 填充学生信息到文本框
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "获取成功", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "该学号的学生不存在，请重新检查。", "提示", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    });
    buttonPanel.add(getButton);

    // 确认修改按钮
    JButton confirmButton = new JButton("确认修改");
    confirmButton.addActionListener(e -> {
        String studentId = idField.getText();
        if (studentExists(studentId)) {
            updateStudent(dialog);
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "修改成功", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "该学号的学生不存在，请重新检查。", "提示", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    });
    buttonPanel.add(confirmButton);

    JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");
    cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose());
    buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);

    dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

    dialog.setVisible(true);
}

    // 填充学生信息到对话框的文本框
    private void fillStudentInfo(String studentId, JDialog dialog) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sql = "SELECT name, sex, specialized, birthday FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                nameField.setText(rs.getString("name"));
                sexField.setText(rs.getString("sex"));
                specializedField.setText(rs.getString("specialized"));
                birthdayField.setText(rs.getString("birthday"));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "获取学生信息出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    }
    // 检查学生是否存在
    private boolean studentExists(String studentId) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next() && rs.getInt(1) > 0) {
                return true;
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "查询出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
        return false;
    }



    // 传入dialog参数以便在操作后关闭它
    private void updateStudent(JDialog dialog) {
        String id = idField.getText();
        String name = nameField.getText();
        String sex = sexField.getText();
        String specialized = specializedField.getText();
        String birthday = birthdayField.getText();

        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);

            String sqlStr="UPDATE student_info SET name=?,sex=?,specialized = ?,birthday=? WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, name);
            pstmt.setString(2, sex);
            pstmt.setString(3, specialized);
            pstmt.setString(4, birthday);
            pstmt.setString(5, id);
            int rowsAffected = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            if (rowsAffected > 0) {
                textArea.append("学生信息更新成功。\n");
            } else {
                textArea.setText("更新失败，未找到匹配的学号。\n");
            }
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            textArea.setText("更新出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                textArea.append("关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage());
            }
        }
        clearInputFields(); // 清空输入框
    }

    private void clearInputFields() {
        idField.setText("");
        nameField.setText("");
        sexField.setText("");
        specializedField.setText("");
        birthdayField.setText("");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> new jiemian());
    }
}

十、源代码汇总

package studentsql;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.*;

class LoginDialog1 extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
    private JTextField usernameField;
    private JPasswordField passwordField;
    private JButton loginButton;
    private JLabel messageLabel;

    public LoginDialog1(JFrame parent) {
        super(parent, "登录", true);
        setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);

        gc.gridx = 0; gc.gridy = 0;
        add(new JLabel("用户名:"), gc);
        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 0;
        usernameField = new JTextField(20);
        add(usernameField, gc);

        gc.gridx = 0; gc.gridy = 1;
        add(new JLabel("密码:"), gc);
        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 1;
        passwordField = new JPasswordField(20);
        add(passwordField, gc);

        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 2;
        loginButton = new JButton("登录");
        loginButton.addActionListener(this);
        add(loginButton, gc);

        gc.gridx = 1; gc.gridy = 3;
        messageLabel = new JLabel("");
        messageLabel.setForeground(Color.RED);
        add(messageLabel, gc);

        pack();
        setLocationRelativeTo(parent);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == loginButton) {
            String username = usernameField.getText();
            String password = new String(passwordField.getPassword());

            if (isValidLogin(username, password)) {
                // 登录成功，关闭登录对话框并继续到主界面操作
                dispose();
            } else {
                messageLabel.setText("用户名或密码错误，请重试。");
            }
        }
    }

    // 验证登录信息
    private boolean isValidLogin(String username, String password) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            String uri = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
//localhost:3306，其中3306是我的数据库接口，下载时mysql的默认接口是3306，但是如果这个接口被其他软件占用的话，会改成另一个接口号，大家根据自身实际修改接口号；“student?"中的student是我新建的数据库名，大家也按需修改。
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, "填用户名", "填数据库密码");//这里两个双引号里的内容大家也按需填写
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE `user_id`=? AND `key`=?"; // 移除列名周围的单引号
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, username);
            pstmt.setString(2, password);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) { // 仅检查是否有结果
                return true;
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.err.println("登录验证出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        }
        return false;
    }
}



public class jiemian extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    private Connection conn = null;
    private Statement stmt;
    private ResultSet rs;
    private String uri = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
    private String user = "用户名";
    private String password = "数据库密码";
    private JTextField idField, nameField, sexField, specializedField, birthdayField;
    private JButton addButton, deleteButton, updateButton, queryButton;
    private JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10, 30);



    public jiemian() {
        // 初始化组件
        initializeComponents();
        // 设置窗体基本属性
        setTitle("学生管理系统");
        setSize(300, 200);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//        setVisible(true);
    }

    private void initializeComponents() {
        // 初始化按钮并添加事件监听器
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        addButton = new JButton("添加");
        deleteButton = new JButton("删除");
        updateButton = new JButton("修改");
        queryButton = new JButton("查询");
        buttonPanel.add(addButton);
        buttonPanel.add(deleteButton);
        buttonPanel.add(updateButton);
        buttonPanel.add(queryButton);

        // 添加按钮事件监听器
        addButton.addActionListener(this);
        deleteButton.addActionListener(this);
        updateButton.addActionListener(this);
        queryButton.addActionListener(this);
//        getContentPane().add(inputPanel, "North");
        getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, "South");
//        getContentPane().add(new JScrollPane(textArea), "Center");

//        setSize(100, 100);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setVisible(true);

        LoginDialog1 loginDialog = new LoginDialog1(this);
        loginDialog.setVisible(true);
    }


    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == queryButton) {
            showquery();
        } else if (e.getSource() == addButton) {
            showInsertStudentDialog();
        } else if (e.getSource() == deleteButton) {
            showDeleteStudent();
        } else if (e.getSource() == updateButton) {
            showupdateStudent();
        }
    }

    private void showquery() {
        final JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "查询学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 查询结果区域
        JTextArea queryResultArea = new JTextArea(10, 30);
        queryResultArea.setEditable(false);
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(queryResultArea);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 输入面板，用于存放查询条件输入组件
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        JTextField studentIdField = new JTextField(20);
        studentIdField.setVisible(false);
        inputPanel.add(studentIdField);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        // 按钮面板，包含全部查询、单个查询和取消按钮
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        JButton allQueryButton = new JButton("全部查询");
        JButton singleQueryButton = new JButton("单个查询");
        JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");

        allQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            query("全部查询", "", queryResultArea);
            queryResultArea.setText(textArea.getText());
        });

        singleQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            studentIdField.setVisible(true);
            dialog.revalidate(); // 重新验证对话框布局
            dialog.repaint();   // 重绘对话框
        });

        cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose());

        buttonPanel.add(allQueryButton);
        buttonPanel.add(singleQueryButton);
        buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        // 单个查询
        JButton confirmQueryButton = new JButton("确认查询");
        confirmQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            String studentId = studentIdField.getText();
            if (!studentId.trim().isEmpty()) {
                query("单个查询", studentId, queryResultArea);
                queryResultArea.setText(textArea.getText());
            } else {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "请输入学生ID", "提示", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            }
        });

        // 动态添加确认查询按钮到输入面板，当单个查询被点击时
        singleQueryButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            inputPanel.add(confirmQueryButton);
            dialog.revalidate();
            dialog.repaint();
        });

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }

    private void query(String queryType, String studentId,JTextArea queryResultArea) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);

            String queryStr;
            PreparedStatement pstmt = null; // 初始化PreparedStatement变量

            if ("全部查询".equals(queryType)) {
                queryStr = "SELECT * FROM student_info";
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
            } else if ("单个查询".equals(queryType) && !studentId.isEmpty()) {
                queryStr = "SELECT * FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
                pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(queryStr); // 使用PreparedStatement
                pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            } else {
                textArea.setText("请选择有效的查询类型或输入学生ID");
                return;
            }

            ResultSet rs;
            if (pstmt != null) { // 对于单个查询，使用PreparedStatement执行查询
                rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            } else { // 全部查询，使用Statement执行
                rs = stmt.executeQuery(queryStr);
            }

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            boolean hasData = false;
            while (rs.next()) {
                hasData = true;
                String stu_id = rs.getString("id");
                String stu_sex = rs.getString("sex");
                String stu_name = rs.getString("name");
                String stu_specialized = rs.getString("specialized");
                String stu_birthday = rs.getString("birthday");
                sb.append(stu_id).append("\t").append(stu_sex).append("\t")
                        .append(stu_name).append("\t").append(stu_specialized)
                        .append("\t").append(stu_birthday).append("\n");
            }

            if (hasData) {
                textArea.setText(sb.toString());
            } else if ("单个查询".equals(queryType)) {
                textArea.setText("未找到该学生ID的记录");
            }

            // 确保PreparedStatement关闭
            if (pstmt != null) {
                pstmt.close();
            }
            stmt.close(); // 如果是全部查询，关闭Statement
            conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            textArea.setText("查询出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            textArea.setText("系统错误：" + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }



    // 添加学生
    private void showInsertStudentDialog() {
        JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "添加学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 创建输入面板并设置布局
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(10, 10));
        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("学号:"));
        idField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(idField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"));
        nameField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(nameField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"));
        sexField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(sexField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("专业:"));
        specializedField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(specializedField);

        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("生日:"));
        birthdayField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(birthdayField);

        // 添加输入面板到对话框的中心区域
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 创建按钮面板用于确认和取消按钮
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        JButton confirmButton = new JButton("确认添加");
        confirmButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            // 获取输入值，调用insert方法
            insert();
            dialog.dispose(); // 关闭对话框
        });
        buttonPanel.add(confirmButton);

        JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");
        cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose()); // 点击取消时关闭对话框
        buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);

        // 将按钮面板添加到对话框的南侧
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }
    private void insert() {
        String id = idField.getText();
        String name = nameField.getText();
        String sex = sexField.getText();
        String specialized = specializedField.getText();
        String birthday = birthdayField.getText();

        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sqlStr = "INSERT INTO student_info(id, sex, name, specialized, birthday) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, id);
            pstmt.setString(2, sex);
            pstmt.setString(3, name);
            pstmt.setString(4, specialized);
            pstmt.setString(5, birthday);
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
            textArea.append("学生信息添加成功。\n");
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            textArea.setText("添加出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                textArea.append("关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage());
            }
        }
        clearInputFields(); // 清空输入框
    }
    private void showDeleteStudent() {
        JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "删除学生", true);
        dialog.setSize(900, 400);
        dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

        // 创建一个标签和文本框用于输入学号
        JLabel idLabel = new JLabel("请输入要删除学生的学号:");
        JTextField idTextField = new JTextField(20);
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
        inputPanel.add(idLabel);
        inputPanel.add(idTextField);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        // 创建一个标签用于显示操作结果
        JLabel resultLabel = new JLabel("", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(resultLabel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // 添加确认删除按钮
        JButton deleteButton = new JButton("确认删除");
        deleteButton.addActionListener(e -> {
            // 获取输入的学号
            String studentId = idTextField.getText();
            if (!studentId.isEmpty()) {
                // 执行删除操作，并传入学号参数
                boolean deleted = deleteStudent(studentId);
                if (deleted) {
                    resultLabel.setText("学生信息删除成功。");
                } else {
                    resultLabel.setText("删除失败，未找到匹配的学号。");
                }
            } else {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "请输入学号", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            }
        });
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.add(deleteButton);
        dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        dialog.setVisible(true);
    }

    private boolean deleteStudent(String studentId) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sqlStr = "DELETE FROM student_info WHERE id=?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            int rowsAffected = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            pstmt.close();
            return rowsAffected > 0;
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            return false;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
            }
        }
    }
private void showupdateStudent() {
    final JDialog dialog = new JDialog(this, "修改学生信息", true);
    dialog.setSize(900, 400);
    dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(this);

    // 输入面板和布局
    JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(6, 2));
    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("学号:"));
    idField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(idField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"));
    nameField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(nameField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"));
    sexField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(sexField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("专业:"));
    specializedField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(specializedField);

    inputPanel.add(new JLabel("生日:"));
    birthdayField = new JTextField();
    inputPanel.add(birthdayField);
    dialog.getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    // 按钮面板
    JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

    // 获取数据按钮
    JButton getButton = new JButton("获取数据");
    getButton.addActionListener(e -> {
        String studentId = idField.getText();
        if (studentExists(studentId)) {
            fillStudentInfo(studentId, dialog); // 填充学生信息到文本框
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "获取成功", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "该学号的学生不存在，请重新检查。", "提示", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    });
    buttonPanel.add(getButton);

    // 确认修改按钮
    JButton confirmButton = new JButton("确认修改");
    confirmButton.addActionListener(e -> {
        String studentId = idField.getText();
        if (studentExists(studentId)) {
            updateStudent(dialog);
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "修改成功", "提示", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "该学号的学生不存在，请重新检查。", "提示", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    });
    buttonPanel.add(confirmButton);

    JButton cancelButton = new JButton("取消");
    cancelButton.addActionListener(e -> dialog.dispose());
    buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);

    dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

    dialog.setVisible(true);
}

    // 填充学生信息到对话框的文本框
    private void fillStudentInfo(String studentId, JDialog dialog) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sql = "SELECT name, sex, specialized, birthday FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                nameField.setText(rs.getString("name"));
                sexField.setText(rs.getString("sex"));
                specializedField.setText(rs.getString("specialized"));
                birthdayField.setText(rs.getString("birthday"));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(dialog, "获取学生信息出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
    }
    // 检查学生是否存在
    private boolean studentExists(String studentId) {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);
            String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student_info WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, studentId);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next() && rs.getInt(1) > 0) {
                return true;
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException ex) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "查询出错：" + ex.getMessage(), "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }
        return false;
    }



    // 传入dialog参数以便在操作后关闭它
    private void updateStudent(JDialog dialog) {
        String id = idField.getText();
        String name = nameField.getText();
        String sex = sexField.getText();
        String specialized = specializedField.getText();
        String birthday = birthdayField.getText();

        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(uri, user, password);

            String sqlStr="UPDATE student_info SET name=?,sex=?,specialized = ?,birthday=? WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
            pstmt.setString(1, name);
            pstmt.setString(2, sex);
            pstmt.setString(3, specialized);
            pstmt.setString(4, birthday);
            pstmt.setString(5, id);
            int rowsAffected = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            if (rowsAffected > 0) {
                textArea.append("学生信息更新成功。\n");
            } else {
                textArea.setText("更新失败，未找到匹配的学号。\n");
            }
        } catch (SQLException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            textArea.setText("更新出错：" + ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                textArea.append("关闭连接出错：" + ex.getMessage());
            }
        }
        clearInputFields(); // 清空输入框
    }

    private void clearInputFields() {
        idField.setText("");
        nameField.setText("");
        sexField.setText("");
        specializedField.setText("");
        birthdayField.setText("");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> new jiemian());
    }
}

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