lesson2&3

lesson2
1.    Speak of
2.    In the long run
3.    Misery
4.    Populace
5.    Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrilization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricutural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

lesson3
1.    Regulation n. 规则，规章，管理adj. 规定的，官方的
This regulation refers only to children.
这些规定仅适用于儿童。
From now on any violation of the regulation must be cruelly punished.
今后任何违反秩序的行为会受到严厉惩罚
It's wrong of you to get around the regulation.
你存心规避规章制度是不对的。
2.    Pay off 偿清(欠款等)，贿赂，取得成功，有报偿
He has a huge overdraft to pay off.
他有一大笔透支要偿还。
It took them three years to pay off the debt.
他们三年才还清欠债。
Most of the profits are swallowed up by the mortgage. Once we've got that paid off I'll feel we've turned the corner.
房产抵押中耗尽了大部分利润，一旦抵押款偿清，我们就渡过了难关。
3.    Industrial  safety  does  not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs， work hard to organize them， and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done， a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But， there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone， safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims， the better the workman‘s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.
4.    Observe
v. 观察，遵守，注意到v. 评论，庆祝 
We should observe the proprieties.
我们应该遵守礼节。
The police have been observing his movements.
警方一直监视着他的一举一动。
Do you observe Christmas?
你有过圣诞节的习俗吗？
I observed him entering the bank with a gun.
我看到他带着枪进了银行。