JUC锁——LockSupport

LockSupport介绍

  LockSupport是用来创建锁和其他同步类的基本线程阻塞原语。LockSupport中的park() 和 unpark() 的作用分别是阻塞线程和解除阻塞线程,而且park()和unpark()不会遇到Thread.suspend 和 Thread.resume所可能引发的死锁问题。因为park() 和 unpark()有许可的存在,调用 park() 的线程和另一个试图将其 unpark() 的线程之间的竞争将保持活性。

LockSupport方法列表
// 返回提供给最近一次尚未解除阻塞的park方法调用的blocker对象,如果该调用不受阻塞,则返回 null
static Object getBlocker(Thread t)
// 为了线程调度,禁用当前线程,除非许可可用
static void park()
// 为了线程调度,在许可可用之前禁用当前线程
static void park(Object blocker)
// 为了线程调度禁用当前线程,最多等待指定的等待时间,除非许可可用
static void parkNanos(long nanos)
// 为了线程调度,在许可可用前禁用当前线程,并最多等待指定的等待时间
static void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos)
// 为了线程调度,在指定的时限前禁用当前线程,除非许可可用
static void parkUntil(long deadline)
// 为了线程调度,在指定的时限前禁用当前线程,除非许可可用
static void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline)
// 如果给定线程的许可尚不可用,则使其可用
static void unpark(Thread thread)
LockSupport源码
public class LockSupport {
    private LockSupport() {} // Cannot be instantiated.

    // Hotspot implementation via intrinsics API
    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long parkBlockerOffset;

    static {
        try {
            parkBlockerOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (java.lang.Thread.class.getDeclaredField("parkBlocker"));
        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

    private static void setBlocker(Thread t, Object arg) {
        // Even though volatile, hotspot doesn't need a write barrier here.
        unsafe.putObject(t, parkBlockerOffset, arg);
    }

    /**
     * Makes available the permit for the given thread, if it
     * was not already available.  If the thread was blocked on
     * {@code park} then it will unblock.  Otherwise, its next call
     * to {@code park} is guaranteed not to block. This operation
     * is not guaranteed to have any effect at all if the given
     * thread has not been started.
     *
     * @param thread the thread to unpark, or {@code null}, in which case
     *        this operation has no effect
     */
    public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
        if (thread != null)
            unsafe.unpark(thread);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the
     * permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call returns
     * immediately; otherwise
     * the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
     * purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
     *
     * @param blocker the synchronization object responsible for this
     *        thread parking
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static void park(Object blocker) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        setBlocker(t, blocker);
        unsafe.park(false, 0L);
        setBlocker(t, null);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, for up to
     * the specified waiting time, unless the permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
     * returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
     * for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four
     * things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The specified waiting time elapses; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the elapsed time
     * upon return.
     *
     * @param blocker the synchronization object responsible for this
     *        thread parking
     * @param nanos the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos) {
        if (nanos > 0) {
            Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
            setBlocker(t, blocker);
            unsafe.park(false, nanos);
            setBlocker(t, null);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, until
     * the specified deadline, unless the permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
     * returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
     * for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four
     * things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts} the
     * current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The specified deadline passes; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the current time
     * upon return.
     *
     * @param blocker the synchronization object responsible for this
     *        thread parking
     * @param deadline the absolute time, in milliseconds from the Epoch,
     *        to wait until
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        setBlocker(t, blocker);
        unsafe.park(true, deadline);
        setBlocker(t, null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the blocker object supplied to the most recent
     * invocation of a park method that has not yet unblocked, or null
     * if not blocked.  The value returned is just a momentary
     * snapshot -- the thread may have since unblocked or blocked on a
     * different blocker object.
     *
     * @param t the thread
     * @return the blocker
     * @throws NullPointerException if argument is null
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static Object getBlocker(Thread t) {
        if (t == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        return unsafe.getObjectVolatile(t, parkBlockerOffset);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes unless the
     * permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
     * returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
     * for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of three
     * things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread upon return.
     */
    public static void park() {
        unsafe.park(false, 0L);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, for up to
     * the specified waiting time, unless the permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
     * returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
     * for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four
     * things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The specified waiting time elapses; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the elapsed time
     * upon return.
     *
     * @param nanos the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
     */
    public static void parkNanos(long nanos) {
        if (nanos > 0)
            unsafe.park(false, nanos);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, until
     * the specified deadline, unless the permit is available.
     *
     * <p>If the permit is available then it is consumed and the call
     * returns immediately; otherwise the current thread becomes disabled
     * for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of four
     * things happens:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #unpark unpark} with the
     * current thread as the target; or
     *
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     *
     * <li>The specified deadline passes; or
     *
     * <li>The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>This method does <em>not</em> report which of these caused the
     * method to return. Callers should re-check the conditions which caused
     * the thread to park in the first place. Callers may also determine,
     * for example, the interrupt status of the thread, or the current time
     * upon return.
     *
     * @param deadline the absolute time, in milliseconds from the Epoch,
     *        to wait until
     */
    public static void parkUntil(long deadline) {
        unsafe.park(true, deadline);
    }
}

说明:LockSupport是通过调用Unsafe函数中的接口实现阻塞和解除阻塞的

LockSupport示例

示例1:

public class WaitTest1 {

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		ThreadA ta = new ThreadA("ta");
		synchronized (ta) {
			try {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start ta.");
				ta.start();
				Thread.sleep(1000);
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " block.");
				ta.wait();
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " continue.");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	static class ThreadA extends Thread {
		public ThreadA(String name) {
			super(name);
		}

		public void run() {
			synchronized (this) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wake up others.");
				notify();
			}
		}
	}
}

//结果
main start ta.
main block.
ta wake up others.
main continue.

示例2:

public class LockSupportTest2 {

	private static Thread mainThread;

	public static void main(String args) {
		ThreadA ta = new ThreadA("ta");
		mainThread = Thread.currentThread();
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start ta.");
		ta.start();
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " block.");
		LockSupport.park(mainThread);
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " continue.");
	}

	static class ThreadA extends Thread {
		public ThreadA(String name) {
			super(name);
		}

		public void run() {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wake up others.");
			LockSupport.unpark(mainThread);
		}
	}
}

//结果
main start ta.
main block.
ta wake up others.
main continue.

说明:park和wait的区别——wait让线程阻塞前,必须先通过synchronized获取同步锁(即调用某个对象的wait()阻塞某个线程时必须保证该线程持有该对象为锁);park不需要获取同步锁,而且可以指定需要阻塞的线程

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