闭包（Closures）在各种语言中的例子

作者：<liubin <AT>huangpuzhuang.com>

http://www.ruby-cn.org/

2004/11/23

　

    在Martin Fowler的一篇关于闭包的文章中（http://martinfowler.com/bliki/Closures.html，中文版：http://www.ruby-cn.org/articles/closures.html），提到了一个例子，主要是用Ruby语言写的，后来网上出现了很多其它语言的版本，本文将各个版本摘录下来，方便大家阅读比较。

1.Ruby

摘自原文http://martinfowler.com/bliki/Closures.html

1.

def managers(emps)
  return emps.select {|e| e.isManager}
end

2.

def highPaid(emps)
  threshold = 150
  return emps.select {|e| e.salary > threshold}
end

3.

def paidMore(amount)
  return Proc.new {|e| e.salary > amount}
end　

4.

highPaid = paidMore(150)
john = Employee.new
john.salary = 200
print 
highPaid.call(john)

　

2.c# 2.0

摘自：http://joe.truemesh.com/blog//000390.html

1.

public List<Employee> Managers(List<Employee> emps) {
  return emps.FindAll(delegate(Employee e) { 
    
return e.IsManager; 
  }
}

2.

public List<Employee> HighPaid(List<Employee> emps) {
  int threshold = 150;
  
return emps.FindAll(delegate(Employee e) { 
    return e.Salary > threshold; 
  
});
}

3.

public Predicate<Employee> PaidMore(int amount) {
  return delegate(Employee e) { 
    
return e.Salary > amount; 
  }
}

4.

Predicate<Employee> highPaid = PaidMore(150);
Employee john = new Employee();
john.Salary = 200;
Console.WriteLine(highPaid(john));

　

3.Python

摘自：http://ivan.truemesh.com/archives/000392.html　

直接用lambda函数

1.

def managers(emps): 
    return filter(lambda e: e.isManager, emps) 

2.

def highPaid(emps): 
    threshold = 150 
    return filter(lambda e: e.salary > threshold, emps) 

3.

def paidMore(amount): 
    return lambda e: e.salary > amount

4.

highPaid = paidMore(150)
john = Employee()
john.salary = 200
print highPaid(john)

另一种方式，用列表包含（list comprehensions）

1.

def managers(emps): 
    return [e for e in emps if e.isManager]

2.

def highPaid(emps): 
    threshold = 150 
    return [e for e in emps if e.salary > threshold]

　

Chris Reedy 提供了另一种避免使用lambda的方法：

def paidMore(amount):
  def paidMoreCheck(e):
    return e.salary > amount
  return paidMoreCheck

4.Java

摘自：　http://joe.truemesh.com/blog//000390.html

jdk 1.5支持

　

private class FindHighPaidEmployees extends Algorithms {
    Constraint highPaidEmployee;
    public FindHighPaidEmployess(Constraint constraint) {
        this.highPaidEmployee = constraint;
    }
    public Object call(Object o) {
        List emps = (List)o;
        return findAll(emps, highPaidEmployee);
    }
}
private class PaidMore implements Constraint {
    private int salary;
    public PaidMore(int salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public boolean test(Object o) {
        return ((Integer)o).intValue() > salary;
    }
}

Closure highPaidFinder = new FindHighPaidEmployees(new PaidMore(150));
List highPaidEmployees = highPaidFinder.call(myEmployees);