Accelerated 13 Using inheritance and dynamic binding

ruihuank

于 2017-09-01 20:36:17 发布

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分类专栏： Accelerated C++ 笔记文章标签： inheritance binding

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ruihuank/article/details/77777124

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本文介绍了一个学生评分系统的实现，该系统能够根据不同类型的课程作业（如期中考试、期末考试及家庭作业等）来计算学生的最终成绩。系统支持两种类型的学生记录：一种为普通学生，另一种为研究生，并且能够根据特定的评分标准来确定最终成绩。

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Core.h

#ifndef GUARD_core_h
#define GUARD_core_h

// Core.h
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Core {
    public:
        Core():midterm(0),final(0) { }
        Core(std::istream& is) { read(is); }
        std::string name() const;

        virtual std::istream& read(std::istream&);
        virtual double grade() const;

    protected:
        // accessible to derived classes
        std::istream& read_common(std::istream&);
        double midterm,final;
        std::vector<double> homework;

    private:
        // accessible only to Core
        std::string n;
};

std::istream& read_hw(std::istream&, std::vector<double>&);

double grade(double, double, std::vector<double>);

bool compare(const Core*, const Core*);

#endif

Core.cpp

// source file Core-related

#include "Core.h"
#include "/home/rhk/workspace/4_grade/median.h"

using std::string;  using std::vector;
using std::istream;

string Core::name() const { return n; }

double Core::grade() const {
    return ::grade(midterm, final, homework);
}

istream& Core::read_common(istream& in) {

    // read and store the student's name and exam grades
    in >> n >> midterm >> final;
    return in;
}

istream& Core::read(istream& in) {

    read_common(in);
    read_hw(in, homework);
    return in;
}

double grade(double midterm, double final, vector<double> homework) {
    return 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 * median(homework);
}

// read homworks
istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw) {
    if (in) {

        // get rid of previous contents
        hw.clear();

        // read homework grades
        double x;
        while (in >> x)
            hw.push_back(x);

        // clear the stream so that input will work for the next student
        in.clear();
    }
    return in;
}

bool compare(const Core* cp1, const Core* cp2) {
    return cp1->name() < cp2->name();
}

Grad.h

#ifndef GUARD_grad_h
#define GUARD_grad_h

#include "Core.h"

class Grad:public Core {
    public:
        Grad(): thesis(0) { }
        Grad(std::istream& is) { read(is); }
        double grade() const;
        std::istream& read(std::istream&);
    private:
        double thesis;
};

#endif

Grad.cpp

// source file of Grad-related
#include "Core.h"
#include "Grad.h"
#include <algorithm>
using std::istream;
using std::min;
istream& Grad::read(istream& in) {
    read_common(in);
    in >> thesis;
    read_hw(in, homework);
    return in;
}

double Grad::grade() const {
    return min(Core::grade(), thesis);
}

func.h

#ifndef GUARD_func_h
#define GUARD_func_h

#include <iostream>

std::istream& read_hw(std::istream&, std::vector<double>&);

#endif

func.cpp

// source file for functions

#include "func.h"

using std::istream; using std::vector;

istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw) {
    if (in) {

        // get rid of previous contents
        hw.clear();

        // read homework grades
        double x;
        while (in >> x)
            hw.push_back(x);

        // clear the stream so that input will work for the next student
        in.clear();
    }
    return in;
}

main.cpp

#include "Core.h"
#include "Grad.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <ios>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdexcept>

using std::string;  using std::cout;    using std::cin;
using std::endl; using std::vector; using std::max;
using std::streamsize;  using std::sort;    using std::setprecision;    
using std::domain_error;
int main() {
    vector<Core*> students;
    Core* record;
    char ch;
    string::size_type maxlen = 0;

    while (cin >> ch) {
        if (ch == 'U')
            record = new Core;
        else 
            record = new Grad;
        record->read(cin);
        maxlen = max(maxlen, record->name().size());
        students.push_back(record);
    }

    sort(students.begin(), students.end(), compare);

    for (vector<Grad>::size_type i = 0; i < students.size(); ++i) {
        cout << students[i]->name() << string(maxlen + 1 - students[i]->name().size(), ' ');
        try {
            double final_grade = students[i]->grade();
            streamsize prec = cout.precision();
            cout << setprecision(3) << final_grade << 
                    setprecision(prec) << endl;
        } catch (domain_error e) {
            cout << e.what() << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}