平方和公式
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\sum_{i=1}^{n}i^2=\frac{2n^3+3n^2+n}{6}
i=1∑ni2=62n3+3n2+n
证明如下：
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(a+1)^3=a^3+3a^2+3a+1\\ (a+1)^3-a^3=3a^2+3a+1
(a+1)3=a3+3a2+3a+1(a+1)3−a3=3a2+3a+1
∑ i = 1 n ( i + 1 ) 3 − i 3 = ∑ i = 1 n 3 i 2 + 3 i + 1 ( n + 1 ) 3 − 1 = ∑ i = 1 n 3 i 2 + 3 i + 1 ( n 3 + 3 n 2 + 3 n + 1 ) − 1 − n − 3 ∑ i = 1 n i = 3 ∑ i = 1 n i 2 2 n 3 + 6 n 2 + 6 n − 2 n − 3 n 2 − 3 n = 6 ∑ i = 1 n i 2 2 n 3 + 3 n 2 + n = 6 ∑ i = 1 n i 2 ∑ i = 1 n i 2 = 2 n 3 + 3 n 2 + n 6 \sum_{i=1}^{n} (i+1)^3-i^3 = \sum_{i=1}^{n} 3i^2+3i+1 \\ (n+1)^3-1=\sum_{i=1}^{n} 3i^2+3i+1 \\ (n^3+3n^2+3n+1)-1-n-3\sum_{i=1}^{n}i=3\sum_{i=1}^{n}i^2 \\ 2n^3+6n^2+6n-2n-3n^2-3n=6\sum_{i=1}^{n}i^2 \\ 2n^3+3n^2+n=6\sum_{i=1}^{n}i^2 \\ \sum_{i=1}^{n}i^2=\frac{2n^3+3n^2+n}{6} i=1∑n(i+1)3−i3=i=1∑n3i2+3i+1(n+1)3−1=i=1∑n3i2+3i+1(n3+3n2+3n+1)−1−n−3i=1∑ni=3i=1∑ni22n3+6n2+6n−2n−3n2−3n=6i=1∑ni22n3+3n2+n=6i=1∑ni2i=1∑ni2=62n3+3n2+n
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