转自:http://book.51cto.com/art/201401/427823.htm 《linux内核探秘》
2.3.1 一个最简单的文件系统aufs
我们先写一个最简单的文件系统,这个文件系统直接创建在内存中。它在内存中创建了两个目录和几个文件,用户可以通过ls命令显示目录和文件,但是无法创建目录和文件,也不能对文件进行读写操作。这样不涉及硬盘操作,大大简化了开始阶段需要考虑的问题,这个例子如代码清单2-5所示。
代码清单2-5 最简单文件系统aufs源代码
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
- #include <linux/pagemap.h>
- #include <linux/mount.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/namei.h>
- #define AUFS_MAGIC 0x64668735
- static struct vfsmount *aufs_mount;
- static int aufs_mount_count;
- static struct inode *aufs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, dev_t dev)
- {
- struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);
- if (inode) {
- inode->i_mode = mode;
- inode->i_uid = current->fsuid;
- inode->i_gid = current->fsgid;
- inode->i_blksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
- inode->i_blocks = 0;
- inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
- switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
- default:
- init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
- break;
- case S_IFREG:
- printk("creat a file \n");
- break;
- case S_IFDIR:
- inode->i_op = &simple_dir_inode_operations;
- inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
- printk("creat a dir file \n");
- inode->i_nlink++;
- break;
- }
- }
- return inode;
- }
- /* SMP-safe */
- static int aufs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
- int mode, dev_t dev)
- {
- struct inode *inode;
- int error = -EPERM;
- if (dentry->d_inode)
- return -EEXIST;
- inode = aufs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
- if (inode) {
- d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
- dget(dentry);
- error = 0;
- }
- return error;
- }
- static int aufs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
- {
- int res;
- res = aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode |S_IFDIR, 0);
- if (!res)
- dir->i_nlink++;
- return res;
- }
- static int aufs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
- {
- return aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);
- }
- static int aufs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
- {
- static struct tree_descr debug_files[] = {{""}};
- return simple_fill_super(sb, AUFS_MAGIC, debug_files);
- }
- static struct super_block *aufs_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
- int flags, const char *dev_name,
- void *data)
- {
- return get_sb_single(fs_type, flags, data, aufs_fill_super);
- }
- static struct file_system_type au_fs_type = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .name = "aufs",
- .get_sb = aufs_get_sb,
- .kill_sb = kill_litter_super,
- };
- static int aufs_create_by_name(const char *name, mode_t mode,
- struct dentry *parent,
- struct dentry **dentry)
- {
- int error = 0;
- /* If the parent is not specified, we create it in the root.
- * We need the root dentry to do this, which is in the super
- * block. A pointer to that is in the struct vfsmount that we
- * have around.
- */
- if (!parent ) {
- if (aufs_mount && aufs_mount->mnt_sb) {
- parent = aufs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;
- }
- }
- if (!parent) {
- printk("Ah! can not find a parent!\n");
- return -EFAULT;
- }
- *dentry = NULL;
- mutex_lock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
- *dentry = lookup_one_len(name, parent, strlen(name));
- if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
- if ((mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
- error = aufs_mkdir(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);
- else
- error = aufs_create(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);
- } else
- error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
- mutex_unlock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
- return error;
- }
- struct dentry *aufs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,
- struct dentry *parent, void *data,
- struct file_operations *fops)
- {
- struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
- int error;
- printk("aufs: creating file '%s'\n",name);
- error = aufs_create_by_name(name, mode, parent, &dentry);
- if (error) {
- dentry = NULL;
- goto exit;
- }
- if (dentry->d_inode) {
- if (data)
- dentry->d_inode->u.generic_ip = data;
- if (fops)
- dentry->d_inode->i_fop = fops;
- }
- exit:
- return dentry;
- }
- struct dentry *aufs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent)
- {
- return aufs_create_file(name,
- S_IFDIR | S_IRWXU | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO,
- parent, NULL, NULL);
- }
- static int __init aufs_init(void)
- {
- int retval;
- struct dentry *pslot;
- retval = register_filesystem(&au_fs_type);
- if (!retval) {
- aufs_mount = kern_mount(&au_fs_type);
- if (IS_ERR(aufs_mount)) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "aufs: could not mount!\n");
- unregister_filesystem(&au_fs_type);
- return retval;
- }
- }
- pslot = aufs_create_dir("woman star",NULL);
- aufs_create_file("lbb", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- aufs_create_file("fbb", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- aufs_create_file("ljl", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- pslot = aufs_create_dir("man star",NULL);
- aufs_create_file("ldh", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- aufs_create_file("lcw", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- aufs_create_file("jw", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
- return retval;
- }
- static void __exit aufs_exit(void)
- {
- simple_release_fs(&aufs_mount, &aufs_mount_count);
- unregister_filesystem(&au_fs_type);
- }
- module_init(aufs_init);
- module_exit(aufs_exit);
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_DESCRIPTION("This is a simple module");
- MODULE_VERSION("Ver 0.1");
整个程序只有两百多行,即使对文件系统一点不懂也能了解大概意思。这个例子不包括文件读写等内容,目的只是说明文件系统内dentry、inode、super_block等几个重要概念。
程序编译后,我们通过insmod 命令加载模块,然后执行如下操作。
1)在根目录下创建一个目录:
- mkdir au
2)挂载文件系统:
- mount –t aufs none /au
3)列出文件系统的内容:
- ls
看到了什么?可以发现“woman star”和“man star”两个目录。然后到woman star目录再执行ls,目录下果然有lbb、fbb、ljl三个文件。这就是我们在代码中希望做到的事情。