设计一个简单的计算器需要以下步骤：
1. 打开 Matlab 中的 App Designer 工具，创建一个新的 App。
2. 在 App Designer 界面中添加两个 UI 组件：一个用于显示计算结果的文本框（Text），一个用于输入计算表达式的编辑框（Edit Field）。
3. 添加数字按钮和运算符按钮。可以使用按钮组件（Button Group）来组织各种按钮。为了使计算器更加美观，可以使用 MATLAB 的内置图标库，如“plus”，“minus”，“times”和“divide”等。
4. 为每个按钮添加回调函数。这些回调函数将在用户单击按钮时执行。例如，单击数字按钮时，将数字添加到编辑框中；单击运算符按钮时，将运算符添加到编辑框中。
5. 为“=”按钮添加回调函数。该函数将使用 eval 函数计算编辑框中的表达式，并将结果显示在文本框中。
6. 测试计算器应用程序。运行应用程序并测试各种功能，例如输入数字、运算符和计算表达式。
下面是一个简单的示例代码：
```matlab
classdef CalculatorApp < matlab.apps.AppBase
% Properties that correspond to app components
properties (Access = public)
UIFigure matlab.ui.Figure
ResultText matlab.ui.control.Label
ExpressionEditField matlab.ui.control.EditField
ButtonGroup matlab.ui.container.ButtonGroup
NumButton1 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton2 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton3 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton4 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton5 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton6 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton7 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton8 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton9 matlab.ui.control.Button
NumButton0 matlab.ui.control.Button
PlusButton matlab.ui.control.Button
MinusButton matlab.ui.control.Button
TimesButton matlab.ui.control.Button
DivideButton matlab.ui.control.Button
EqualsButton matlab.ui.control.Button
end
% Callbacks that handle component events
methods (Access = private)
% Button pushed function: NumButton1
function NumButton1Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '1');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton2
function NumButton2Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '2');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton3
function NumButton3Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '3');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton4
function NumButton4Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '4');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton5
function NumButton5Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '5');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton6
function NumButton6Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '6');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton7
function NumButton7Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '7');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton8
function NumButton8Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '8');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton9
function NumButton9Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '9');
end
% Button pushed function: NumButton0
function NumButton0Pushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '0');
end
% Button pushed function: PlusButton
function PlusButtonPushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '+');
end
% Button pushed function: MinusButton
function MinusButtonPushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '-');
end
% Button pushed function: TimesButton
function TimesButtonPushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '*');
end
% Button pushed function: DivideButton
function DivideButtonPushed(app, event)
appendText(app, '/');
end
% Button pushed function: EqualsButton
function EqualsButtonPushed(app, event)
expression = app.ExpressionEditField.Value;
result = eval(expression);
app.ResultText.Text = num2str(result);
end
end
% App initialization and construction
methods (Access = private)
% Code that executes after component creation
function startupFcn(app)
% Initialize the result text
app.ResultText.Text = '0';
end
% Append text to the expression edit field
function appendText(app, text)
currentValue = app.ExpressionEditField.Value;
app.ExpressionEditField.Value = strcat(currentValue, text);
end
end
% Component initialization
methods (Access = private)
% Create UIFigure and components
function createComponents(app)
% Create UIFigure and hide until all components are created
app.UIFigure = uifigure('Visible', 'off');
app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 640 480];
app.UIFigure.Name = 'Calculator';
% Create ResultText
app.ResultText = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
app.ResultText.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
app.ResultText.FontSize = 20;
app.ResultText.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.ResultText.Position = [51 386 532 37];
app.ResultText.Text = '0';
% Create ExpressionEditField
app.ExpressionEditField = uieditfield(app.UIFigure, 'text');
app.ExpressionEditField.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
app.ExpressionEditField.FontSize = 20;
app.ExpressionEditField.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.ExpressionEditField.Position = [51 340 532 37];
% Create ButtonGroup
app.ButtonGroup = uibuttongroup(app.UIFigure);
app.ButtonGroup.SelectionChangedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @ButtonGroupSelectionChanged, true);
app.ButtonGroup.TitlePosition = 'centertop';
app.ButtonGroup.FontSize = 20;
app.ButtonGroup.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.ButtonGroup.Position = [51 77 532 251];
app.ButtonGroup.BorderType = 'none';
% Create NumButton1
app.NumButton1 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton1.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton1.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton1.Position = [17 186 80 80];
app.NumButton1.Text = '1';
app.NumButton1.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton1Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton2
app.NumButton2 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton2.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton2.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton2.Position = [117 186 80 80];
app.NumButton2.Text = '2';
app.NumButton2.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton2Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton3
app.NumButton3 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton3.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton3.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton3.Position = [217 186 80 80];
app.NumButton3.Text = '3';
app.NumButton3.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton3Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton4
app.NumButton4 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton4.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton4.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton4.Position = [17 96 80 80];
app.NumButton4.Text = '4';
app.NumButton4.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton4Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton5
app.NumButton5 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton5.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton5.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton5.Position = [117 96 80 80];
app.NumButton5.Text = '5';
app.NumButton5.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton5Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton6
app.NumButton6 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton6.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton6.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton6.Position = [217 96 80 80];
app.NumButton6.Text = '6';
app.NumButton6.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton6Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton7
app.NumButton7 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton7.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton7.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton7.Position = [17 6 80 80];
app.NumButton7.Text = '7';
app.NumButton7.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton7Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton8
app.NumButton8 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton8.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton8.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton8.Position = [117 6 80 80];
app.NumButton8.Text = '8';
app.NumButton8.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton8Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton9
app.NumButton9 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton9.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton9.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton9.Position = [217 6 80 80];
app.NumButton9.Text = '9';
app.NumButton9.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton9Pushed, true);
% Create NumButton0
app.NumButton0 = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.NumButton0.FontSize = 20;
app.NumButton0.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.NumButton0.Position = [117 276 80 80];
app.NumButton0.Text = '0';
app.NumButton0.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @NumButton0Pushed, true);
% Create PlusButton
app.PlusButton = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.PlusButton.FontSize = 20;
app.PlusButton.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.PlusButton.Position = [317 186 80 80];
app.PlusButton.Text = '+';
app.PlusButton.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @PlusButtonPushed, true);
% Create MinusButton
app.MinusButton = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.MinusButton.FontSize = 20;
app.MinusButton.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.MinusButton.Position = [317 96 80 80];
app.MinusButton.Text = '-';
app.MinusButton.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @MinusButtonPushed, true);
% Create TimesButton
app.TimesButton = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.TimesButton.FontSize = 20;
app.TimesButton.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.TimesButton.Position = [317 6 80 80];
app.TimesButton.Text = '*';
app.TimesButton.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @TimesButtonPushed, true);
% Create DivideButton
app.DivideButton = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.DivideButton.FontSize = 20;
app.DivideButton.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.DivideButton.Position = [417 6 80 80];
app.DivideButton.Text = '/';
app.DivideButton.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @DivideButtonPushed, true);
% Create EqualsButton
app.EqualsButton = uibutton(app.ButtonGroup, 'push');
app.EqualsButton.FontSize = 20;
app.EqualsButton.FontWeight = 'bold';
app.EqualsButton.Position = [417 96 80 80];
app.EqualsButton.Text = '=';
app.EqualsButton.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @EqualsButtonPushed, true);
% Show the figure after all components are created
app.UIFigure.Visible = 'on';
end
end
% App creation and deletion
methods (Access = public)
% Construct app
function app = CalculatorApp
% Create UIFigure and components
createComponents(app)
% Register the app with App Designer
registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)
% Execute the startup function
runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)
% Show the figure
if nargout == 0
clear app
app.UIFigure.Visible = 'on';
end
end
% Code that executes before app deletion
function delete(app)
% Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
delete(app.UIFigure)
end
end
end
```
这是一个简单的计算器应用程序，可以添加更多功能来提高其计算能力和用户体验。
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