文章目录
此文章参考菜鸟教程：Django ORM – 单表实例 | 菜鸟教程 (runoob.com)
Django版本：
>>> django.VERSION
(4, 1, 0, 'final', 0)
PS：基于前几章的进度进行修改
一、Django ORM 单表实例
-
之前在Django模型章节中简单的了解ORM，包括创建数据表，增加、修改、删除数据等，之后几章都会继续了解ORM实例
-
下面创建一个新的项目
app1
#终端执行，创建app1数据模型
django-admin startproject app1
- 修改
app1/app1/settings.py文件
——————————————————————————————————
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
——————————————————————————————————
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app1_model', #添加将要创建的数据模型
]
——————————————————————————————————
#指定数据库
DATABASES = {
'default':
{
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'app1',
'HOST': '10.10.11.218',
'PORT': '3306',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
}
}
——————————————————————————————————
#修改字符、时区
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
——————————————————————————————————
- 在
app1/app1/__init__.py文件导入mysql模块
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
- 在mysql数据库上创建数据库，记得指定数据库编码==（可以使用Nacicat创建，指定utf8和utf8_general_ci的排序规则）==
mysql> create database app1 default charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
创建新模型
- 终端执行，创建模型app1_model
#在第一层app1目录执行
django-admin startapp app1_model
- 修改
app1/app1_model/models.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) #id会自动闯进啊
title = models.CharField(max_length=32) #书籍名称
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2) #书籍价格
publish = models.CharField(max_length=32) #出版社名称
pub_date = models.DateField() #出版时间
- 终端执行，创建表结构
注意：注意要在manage.py目录下执行，如果执行错的话，可以先把app1_model目录中的migrations子目录删除，然后到正确目录执行
(test) PS F:\django\app1> python .\manage.py migrate #创建表的主结构
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
(test) PS F:\django\app1> python .\manage.py makemigrations app1_model #提交app1_model的修改
Migrations for 'app1_model':
app1_model\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model Book
(test) PS F:\django\app1> python .\manage.py migrate app1_model #创建app1_model的表结构
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: app1_model
Running migrations:
Applying app1_model.0001_initial... OK
- 查看mysql数据库，成功创建
mysql> use app1;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_app1 |
+----------------------------+
| app1_model_book |
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_migrations |
| django_session |
+----------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table app1_model_book;
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| app1_model_book | CREATE TABLE `app1_model_book` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(5,2) NOT NULL,
`publish` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`pub_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 当前目录结构
二、数据库操作
（1）添加数据
- 配置路由，
app1/app1/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views #导入视图
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('add_book/',views.add_book), #添加路由
]
- 数据库添加数据，这里菜鸟教程提供两种方法，分别是
- 模型实例化对象
- 通过ORM提供的objects中的方法
- 这里使用第二种。创建视图文件，
/app1/app1/views.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
books = models.Book.objects.create(title='九阴神功',price=200,publish='功夫出版社',pub_date='1777-10-10')
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>数据添加成功！</p>')
- 现在在终端启动django项目
(test) PS F:\django\app1> python .\manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
September 06, 2022 - 15:06:52
Django version 4.1, using settings 'app1.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
- 访问
127.0.0.1:8000/add_book
- 查看数据库，发现成功添加
（我这里编码有问题，所以显示乱码了）
- 查看终端输出，可以发现输出的第一个就是之前admin管理平台的那种格式
- 根据上述方法，添加多条数据
（2）查找数据
- 使用
all()方法查询所有数据，返回QuerySet类型数据，类似于列表，里面存放一个个模型类的对象，可以使用索引下标取出模型类的对象，实例：
- 修改app1/app1/views.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
books = models.Book.objects.all()
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，查看终端输出，可以发现books输出了一个
QuerySet
- 查看具体字段可以使用
for循环
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
books = models.Book.objects.all()
for i in books:
print(i.title)
print(i.price)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，查看终端输出
- filter()
filter()方法用于查询符合条件的数据，返回QuerySet类型数据，实例：
- 修改app1/app1/views.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=3) #pk代表主键，即筛选主键等于3的数据，相当于id=3
print(books)
print("------------------------------")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(publish="金庸出版社") #筛选publish字段为金庸出版社的数据
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，查看终端输出
- 可以添加多个条件
- 修改app1/app1/views.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=3)
print(books)
print("------------------------------")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(publish="金庸出版社",price=200)
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- 使用for循环可以查看数据实例
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=3)
#print(books)
for i in books:
print(i.title)
print("------------------------------")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(publish="金庸出版社",price=200)
for i in books:
print(i.title)
#print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- exclude()
exclude()方法用于查询不符合条件的数据，同样返回QuerySet数据类型，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.exclude(publish="金庸出版社")
for i in books:
print(i.title)
#print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- get()
get()方法用于查询符合条件的返回模型类的对象，符合条件的对象只能有一个，如果符合筛选条件的对象超过一个或者没有，都会抛出错误，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#三个查询代码依次执行
books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=2)
#books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=5)
#books = models.Book.objects.get(price=200)
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=2)
books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=5)
#books = models.Book.objects.get(price=200)
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，发现报错，这是因为主键id没有等于5的
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=2)
#books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=5)
books = models.Book.objects.get(price=200)
print(books,type(books))
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，因为
price字段等于200的有两条数据，返回了两个，所以报错了
- order_by()
order_by()方法用于对查询结果进行排序，返回QuerySet类型数据- 注意：
- 参数的字段名要加引号
- 降序是在字段前面加一个杠
-
- 实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price")
#books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price")
print(books)
for i in books:
print(i.price)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price")
books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price")
print(books)
for i in books:
print(i.price)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- reverse()
reverse()方法用于对查询结果进行反转，返回QuerySet数据类型，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price")
books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price").reverse()
print(books)
for i in books:
print(i.price)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price").reverse()
#books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price").reverse()
print(books)
for i in books:
print(i.price)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- count()
count()方法用于查询数据的数量，返回的是整数，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.count()
#books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=200).count()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- 也可以统计条件查询的数据量
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.count()
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=200).count()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- first()
first()方法返回第一条数据，返回的数据是模型类的对象，可以使用索引下标[0]，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.first()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- 同样可以应用在条件查询上
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=300).first()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- last()
last()方法和first()相反，返回最后一条数据- 注意：
不能使用下标索引
[-1]，因为ORM没有逆向索引
- 实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=200).last()
print(books)
books = models.Book.objects.last()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- exists()
-
exists()方法用于判断查询结果中是否有数据，返回的布尔值，有数据为True，没有则是False注意：判断的数据类型只能是
QuerySet数据类型，不能是整型或者模型类对象 -
实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.exists()
#books = models.Book.objects.count().exists()
#books = models.Book.objects.first().exists()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，存在数据，并且数据类型为
QuerySet
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.exists()
books = models.Book.objects.count().exists()
#books = models.Book.objects.first().exists()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，返回数据类型不能是
int
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.exists()
#books = models.Book.objects.count().exists()
books = models.Book.objects.first().exists()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，返回数据类型不能是模型类对象
- values()
values()方法用于查询部分字段的数据，返回一个QuerySet数据类型，每条数据都是一个字典- 注意：
- 参数的字段名称要加引号
- 想要字段名称和数据使用
values
- 实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.values("pk","price","title") #只查询指定字段，返回的QuerySet中每条数据都是一个字典
print(books[0]["price"],type(books))
for i in books:
print(i)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- values_list()
values_list()方法用于查询部分字段的数据，返回一个QuerySet数据类型，每条数据都是一个元组，实例：- 注意：
- 参数的字段名称要加引号
- 想要字段名称和数据使用
values_list
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.values_list("pk","price","title")
print(books[1][2],type(books))
for i in books:
print(i)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
- distinct()
distinct()方法用于对数据的去重，返回QuerySet数据类型- 注意：
- 对模型类的对象去重没有意义，因为每个对象都是一个不一样的存在
distinct()一般都是联合values或者values_list使用
- 实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.values_list("publish").distinct()
#books = models.Book.objects.distinct()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
#books = models.Book.objects.values_list("publish").distinct()
books = models.Book.objects.distinct()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
（3）exclude()和filter()的条件查询
filter()方法基于双下划线的模糊查询，exclude也是同理- 注意：
filter中运算符只能使用等于号：
=，不能使用大于、小于号以及其他符号
__in
__in用于读取区间，而=后面为列表
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__in=[200,300])
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__gt
__gt大于，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=250)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__gte
__gte大于等于，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gte=300)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__lt
__lt小于，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__lt=300)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__lte
__lte小于等于，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__lte=300)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__range
__range在…之间，=号后面为两个元素的列表
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__range=[250,350])
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__contains
__contains包含，=号后面为字符串
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="九阴神功",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="1777-10-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__contains="金庸")
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__icontains
__icontains包含==（不区分大小写）==，=号后面为字符串- 提前增加数据
- 修改文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(title__icontains="python")
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__startswith
__startswith以指定字符开头，=号后面为字符串
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="P")
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__endswith
__endswith以指定字符结尾，=号后面为字符串
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(title__endswith="on")
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__year
__year是DateField数据类型的年份，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__year=1798)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__month
__month是DateField数据类型的月份，=号后面是数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__month=10)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
__day
__day是DateField数据类型的天数，=号后面为数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__day=13)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>查找成功！</p>')
- 访问测试
（4）删除数据
- 菜鸟教程中的删除方法同样是两种，分别是：
- 使用模型类的
对象.delete()，返回值：元组，第一个元素为受影响的行数- 使用QuerySet
类型数据.delete()，返回值：元组，第一个元素为受影响的行数
- 这里使用第二种，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[4,5]).delete()
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>删除成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，查看mysql数据库
- 注意：
- Django删除数据时，会模仿SQL约束
ON DELETE CASCADE的行为，也就是删除一个对象时也会删除与他相关联的外键对象- Django()方法是
QuerySet数据类型的方法，但并不适用于Manager本身，也就是想要删除所有数据，不能不写allbooks=models.Book.objects.delete() # 报错 books=models.Book.objects.all().delete() # 删除成功
（5）修改数据
- 修改数据同样有两种方式，分别是：
- 方法 模型类的对象.属性 = 更改的属性值 模型类的对象.save() - 返回值 编辑的模型类的对象- 方法 QuerySet数据类型.update(字段名称=更改的数据) - 返回值 整数(受影响的行数)
- 这里使用第二种，实例：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from statistics import mode
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app1_model import models
def add_book(request):
#books = models.Book.objects.create(title="Python",price=500,publish="Python出版社",pub_date="1970-12-10")
books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[1,2]).update(price=450)
print(books)
return HttpResponse('<p>修改成功！</p>')
- 访问测试，查看mysql数据库
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