Spring 基于xml的自动装配

Xml自动装配：

根据指定的策略，在IOC容器中匹配某一个bean，自动为指定的bean中所依赖的类类型或接口类 型属性赋值

①场景模拟

创建类UserController

public class UserController {
    private  UserService userService;

    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
    
    public void saveUser(){
        userService.saveUsser();
    }
}

创建接口UserService

public interface UserService {

        void saveUsser();
}

创建类UserServiceImpl实现接口UserService

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void saveUsser() {
        userDao.saveUser();
    }
}

创建接口UserDao

public interface UserDao {

    void saveUser();
}

创建类UserDaoImpl实现接口UserDao

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{

    @Override
    public void saveUser() {
        System.out.println("保存成功");
    }
}

②配置bean

使用bean标签的autowire属性设置自动装配效果

自动装配方式：byType

byType：根据类型匹配IOC容器中的某个兼容类型的bean，为属性自动赋值

若在IOC中，没有任何一个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值，则该属性不装配，即值为默认值 null 若在IOC中，有多个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值，则抛出NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException

Xml进行配置

    <bean id="userController" class="com.sj.spring.UserController" autowire="byType"></bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType"></bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

测试

 @Test
    public void AutoWireXmlTest(){
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-autowire.xml");
        UserController userController = (UserController) ioc.getBean("userController");
        System.out.println(userController);
    }

结果

com.sj.spring.UserController@3578436e

Process finished with exit code 0

若配置了多个类型相同的Bean则byType会报错

   <bean id="userController" class="com.sj.spring.UserController" autowire="byType"></bean>
    
    <bean id="service" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl"  autowire="byType"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType"></bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="dao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

此时可以用byName来进行解决

自动装配方式：byName

byName：将自动装配的属性的属性名，作为bean的id在IOC容器中匹配相对应的bean进行赋值

将类名首字母小写作为默认方法名

<bean id="userController" class="com.sj.spring.UserController" autowire="byName"></bean>

<bean id="service" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl"  autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>

<bean id="userDao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="dao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

也可以指定名字进行匹配

    <bean id="userController" class="com.sj.spring.UserController" autowire="byName">
                <property name="userService" ref="service"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="service" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl"  autowire="byName"> 
            <property name="userDao" ref="dao"></property>
    </bean>
    
<!--    <bean id="userService" class="com.sj.spring.Service.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>-->

<!--    <bean id="userDao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>-->
    <bean id="dao" class="com.sj.spring.DAO.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

若IOC容器中没有任一能够与之匹配的Bean,则会报异常

NoSuchBeanDefinitionException