LVS的DR模型的简单实现

LVS相关术语

        VS：Virtual Server，也叫Director Server、Dispatcher(调度器)。指的是负载调度的主机 

        RS：Real Server。VS将请求分发到后端干活的主机。

        VIP：Virtual Server IP。VS接收外部的用户请求的IP；作为用户请求的目标IP地址

        DIP：Director Server IP。VS与内部干活的主机通讯的IP

        RIP：Real Server IP。后端干活的主机的IP

        CIP：Client IP。客户端的IP

        访问流程：CIP<-->VPI == DIP<-->RIP

实施图

服务器	用途
192.168.10.6	客户机
192.168.10.100 192.168.233.190	路由
192.168.233.191	RS主机1
192.168.233.192	RS主机2
192.168.233.195	VS主机

实施步骤

     1. 网络配置

                 网络配置见上图（路由双网卡）

                

     2.路由配置

root@ubuntu-190:~# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bf:77:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.233.190/24 brd 192.168.233.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febf:776f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bf:77:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.100/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febf:7779/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


root@ubuntu-190:~# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf

   3.RS主机配置

在RS主机安装web服务，且为区分RS1和RS2主机，web页面为显示为：

root@ubuntu-190:~# curl 192.168.233.191
this is RS1
root@ubuntu-190:~# curl 192.168.233.192
this is RS2

为了VS和后端RS可以正常接收请求，需设置VS和RS同一个VIP。但这样设置会出现两个问题：
1、引起IP冲突
2、客户端在请求获取mac地址的时候，也会出现arp争抢；

解决方式：
1、把VIP地址绑定在lo网卡上（本地回环地址）
2、在RS主机设置arp抑制

 后端所有RS执行同样的操作：

root@ubuntu-191 ip a a 192.168.233.200/32 dev lo label lo:1
root@ubuntu-191:~# echo 1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
root@ubuntu-191:~# echo 2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
root@ubuntu-191:~# echo 1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
root@ubuntu-191:~# echo 2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
root@ubuntu-191:~# ifconfig lo:1 192.168.233.200/32

    4.VS主机配置

root@ubuntu-195:~# apt-get install ipvsadm

root@ubuntu-195:~# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.233.200:80 -s rr
root@ubuntu-195:~# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.233.200:80 -r 192.168.233.191:80 -g
root@ubuntu-195:~# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.233.200:80 -r 192.168.233.192:80 -g
root@ubuntu-195:~# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.233.200:80 rr
  -> 192.168.233.191:80           Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.233.192:80           Route   1      0          0

       5.验证结果

#在客户机访问
root@ubuntu:~$ curl 192.168.233.200
this is RS2
root@ubuntu:~$ curl 192.168.233.200
this is RS1


#后端web日志
root@ubuntu-192:/var/log/nginx# tail -4 access.log 
192.168.10.6 - - [08/Jul/2021:00:46:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.58.0"
192.168.10.6 - - [08/Jul/2021:00:46:40 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.58.0"
192.168.10.6 - - [09/Jul/2021:20:30:03 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.58.0"
192.168.10.6 - - [10/Jul/2021:00:26:01 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "curl/7.58.0"