JavaWeb中转发和重定向

转发:

概念:

请求转发,是内部资源跳转的一个过程。
我们在实际的开发过程中,需要写不同的servlet,每个servlet完成不同的功能,当我们访问test01servlet的时候,test01servelt需要跳转到一个新的test02servlet里面,这就是资源跳转的方式,就用到了请求转发。

原理图:
在这里插入图片描述
实例如下:

test01:

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

// 转发

@WebServlet("/test01")
public class Test05 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("转发演示");
        // 1、获取request的请求转发器,内部参数为转发的路径
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/test02");
        // 2、调用转发器对象,传入参数request和response
        dispatcher.forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

test02:

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test02")
public class Test06 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("转发之后");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述

特点:

  • 浏览器地址栏不发生变化
  • 只能转发当前服务器的内部资源,不能转发致服务器的外部资源
  • 转发只是一次请求,多个资源之间使用同一个请求

数据共享:

一次请求的范围,数据可进行传输的范围,一般用于请求转发多个资源中共享数据

  • 存储数据:setAttribute(“money”,“50两”)
  • 通过名字获取值:getAttribute(“money”)
  • 通过键名移除键值对:removeAttribute(“money”)

实例如下:

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

// 转发

@WebServlet("/test05")
public class Test05 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("转发演示");
        request.setAttribute("money","50两");
//        request.removeAttribute("money");

        // 1、获取request的请求转发器,内部参数为转发的路径
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/test06");
        // 2、调用转发器对象,传入参数request和response
        dispatcher.forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

转发后:

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test06")
public class Test06 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("转发之后");
        Object money = request.getAttribute("money");
        System.out.println(money);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果如下,成功获取到值:
在这里插入图片描述


重定向:

概念:

重定向:一个web资源收到客户端的请求后,通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源,这称之为请求重定向。

原理图:
在这里插入图片描述
特点:

  • 地址栏发生变化
  • 重定向可以访问其他服务器的资源
  • 重定向是两次请求,所以不能用request域共享资源

方法一如下:

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test08")
public class Test08 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setStatus(302);
        response.setHeader("location","/test09");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test09")
public class Test09 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("重定向过来的");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果如下,页面自动跳转到重定向后的页面:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
方法二如下:

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test08")
public class Test08 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        response.setStatus(302);
//        response.setHeader("location","/test09");

        System.out.println("重定向之前");
        response.sendRedirect("http://www.baidu.com");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/test09")
public class Test09 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("重定向过来的");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果如下,页面自动跳转到重定向后的页面:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述


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