概述
我们都知道asp.net core配置信息的读取离不开IConfigurationSource和IConfigurationProvider这两个类,ConfigurationSource可以提供一个ConfigurationProvider,然后去读取信息。究竟他们之间有着怎样的千丝万缕,我们一起来看看源码。
首先我们来建立一个.net core控制台项目,来运行以下代码:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConfigurationBuilder configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
configBuilder.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
var configFile = configBuilder.Build();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
短短几行 代码看起来很简单,就是用来读取appsettings.json文件中的配置信息。然而我们今天想搞清楚其背后运行的原理,要花点时间。
首先、我们根据代码ConfigurationBuilder configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder();知道创建了一个configBuilder对象;
其次,configBuilder.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()) 该代码的调用我们也能大概见名知义,获取当前的目录;
接下来,重点来了,configBuilder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")的实现究竟是怎样的?我们来看下源码的实现:
f12进去后源码如下:
/// <summary>Extension methods for adding <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json.JsonConfigurationProvider" />.</summary>
public static class JsonConfigurationExtensions
{
/// <summary>Adds the JSON configuration provider at <paramref name="path" /> to <paramref name="builder" />.</summary>
/// <param name="builder">The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" /> to add to.</param>
/// <param name="path">Path relative to the base path stored in
/// <see cref="P:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder.Properties" /> of <paramref name="builder" />.</param>
/// <returns>The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" />.</returns>
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddJsonFile(
this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
string path)
{
return builder.AddJsonFile((IFileProvider) null, path, false, false);
}
}
紧接着f12再看实现的源码,依然在JsonConfigurationExtensions这个扩展类里面:
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddJsonFile(
this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
IFileProvider provider,
string path,
bool optional,
bool reloadOnChange)
{
if (builder == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (builder));
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Error_InvalidFilePath, nameof (path));
return builder.AddJsonFile((Action<JsonConfigurationSource>) (s =>
{
s.FileProvider = provider;
s.Path = path;
s.Optional = optional;
s.ReloadOnChange = reloadOnChange;
s.ResolveFileProvider();
}));
}
这时候有没有发现builder.AddJsonFile((Action<JsonConfigurationSource>)这个方法里面出现了一个关键的信息点:JsonConfigurationSource (JsonConfigurationSource 继承抽象类FileConfigurationSource,而FileConfigurationSource:IConfigurationSource) 。关系如下图:
看完上面这个关系图后,我们紧接着上面builder.AddJsonFile()的实现源码继续f12往下,源码如下:
//该代码依然在JsonConfigurationExtensions类里面public static IConfigurationBuilder AddJsonFile(
this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
Action<JsonConfigurationSource> configureSource)
{
return ConfigurationExtensions.Add<JsonConfigurationSource>(builder, (Action<M0>) configureSource);
}
我们看到上面的扩展方法实现是ConfigurationExtensions.Add...,再往下看实现:
public static class ConfigurationExtensions
{
/// <summary>Adds a new configuration source.</summary>
/// <param name="builder">The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" /> to add to.</param>
/// <param name="configureSource">Configures the source secrets.</param>
/// <typeparam name="TSource" />
/// <returns>The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" />.</returns>
public static IConfigurationBuilder Add<TSource>(
this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
Action<TSource> configureSource)
where TSource : IConfigurationSource, new()
{
TSource source = new TSource();
if (configureSource != null)
configureSource(source);
return builder.Add((IConfigurationSource) source);
}
}
到这里我们看到了其实就是IConfigurationBuilder调用了Add方法,添加了一个数据源(JsonConfigurationSource),至于JsonConfigurationSource类里面做了什么,我们看下实现。
public class JsonConfigurationSource : FileConfigurationSource
{
/// <summary>Builds the <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json.JsonConfigurationProvider" /> for this source.</summary>
/// <param name="builder">The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" />.</param>
/// <returns>A <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json.JsonConfigurationProvider" /></returns>
public override IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
{
this.EnsureDefaults(builder);
return (IConfigurationProvider) new JsonConfigurationProvider(this);
}
}
JsonConfigurationSource类面的Build方法提供了一个JsonConfigurationProvider类,这里再贴下JsonConfigurationProvider类里面的代码:
/// <summary>A JSON file based <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileConfigurationProvider" />.</summary>
public class JsonConfigurationProvider : FileConfigurationProvider
{
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance with the specified source.</summary>
/// <param name="source">The source settings.</param>
public JsonConfigurationProvider(JsonConfigurationSource source)
: base((FileConfigurationSource) source)
{
}
/// <summary>Loads the JSON data from a stream.</summary>
/// <param name="stream">The stream to read.</param>
public virtual void Load(Stream stream)
{
try
{
this.set_Data(JsonConfigurationFileParser.Parse(stream));
}
catch (JsonException ex)
{
throw new FormatException(SR.Error_JSONParseError, (Exception) ex);
}
}
}
关于JsonConfigurationProvider里面的Load就是去读取信息的实现,至于Load的具体实现我们不再深究。我们回到最初的控制台configBuilder.Build(),看看其的实现:
public class ConfigurationBuilder : IConfigurationBuilder
{
/// <summary>Returns the sources used to obtain configuration values.</summary>
public IList<IConfigurationSource> Sources { get; } = (IList<IConfigurationSource>) new List<IConfigurationSource>();
/// <summary>Gets a key/value collection that can be used to share data between the <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" />
/// and the registered <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationProvider" />s.</summary>
public IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; } = (IDictionary<string, object>) new Dictionary<string, object>();
/// <summary>Adds a new configuration source.</summary>
/// <param name="source">The configuration source to add.</param>
/// <returns>The same <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationBuilder" />.</returns>
public IConfigurationBuilder Add(IConfigurationSource source)
{
if (source == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (source));
this.Sources.Add(source);
return (IConfigurationBuilder) this;
}
/// <summary>Builds an <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfiguration" /> with keys and values from the set of providers registered in
/// <see cref="P:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.ConfigurationBuilder.Sources" />.</summary>
/// <returns>An <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationRoot" /> with keys and values from the registered providers.</returns>
public IConfigurationRoot Build()
{
List<IConfigurationProvider> configurationProviderList = new List<IConfigurationProvider>();
foreach (IConfigurationSource source in (IEnumerable<IConfigurationSource>) this.Sources)
{
IConfigurationProvider configurationProvider = source.Build((IConfigurationBuilder) this);
configurationProviderList.Add(configurationProvider);
}
return (IConfigurationRoot) new ConfigurationRoot((IList<IConfigurationProvider>) configurationProviderList);
}
}
看到这个源码的时候有没有种豁然开朗的感觉,前面我们说到IConfigurationBuilder调用了Add方法添加一个数据源,并没说添加了一个数据源存在了哪里,到底有什么用处,现在在上面ConfigurationBuilder类里面看到存在了Sources 集合里面。然后configBuilder.Build()
去调用的时候遍历数据源(Sources )集合,紧接着source (IConfigurationSource)调用了Build方法构建了一个configurationProvider对象存到configurationProviderList集合里面,最后在返回一个ConfigurationRoot对象的构造函数里面传递了configurationProviderList集合去执行。
贴上ConfigurationRoot的源码:
public class ConfigurationRoot : IConfigurationRoot, IConfiguration, IDisposable
{
private readonly IList<IConfigurationProvider> _providers;
private readonly IList<IDisposable> _changeTokenRegistrations;
/// <summary>Initializes a Configuration root with a list of providers.</summary>
/// <param name="providers">The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationProvider" />s for this configuration.</param>
public ConfigurationRoot(IList<IConfigurationProvider> providers)
{
if (providers == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (providers));
this._providers = providers;
this._changeTokenRegistrations = (IList<IDisposable>) new List<IDisposable>(providers.Count);
foreach (IConfigurationProvider provider in (IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider>) providers)
{
IConfigurationProvider p = provider;
p.Load();
this._changeTokenRegistrations.Add(ChangeToken.OnChange((Func<IChangeToken>) (() => p.GetReloadToken()), (Action) (() => this.RaiseChanged())));
}
}
}
public class ConfigurationRoot : IConfigurationRoot, IConfiguration, IDisposable
{
private readonly IList<IConfigurationProvider> _providers;
private readonly IList<IDisposable> _changeTokenRegistrations;
/// <summary>Initializes a Configuration root with a list of providers.</summary>
/// <param name="providers">The <see cref="T:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfigurationProvider" />s for this configuration.</param>
public ConfigurationRoot(IList<IConfigurationProvider> providers)
{
if (providers == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (providers));
this._providers = providers;
this._changeTokenRegistrations = (IList<IDisposable>) new List<IDisposable>(providers.Count);
foreach (IConfigurationProvider provider in (IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider>) providers)
{
IConfigurationProvider p = provider;
p.Load();
this._changeTokenRegistrations.Add(ChangeToken.OnChange((Func<IChangeToken>) (() => p.GetReloadToken()), (Action) (() => this.RaiseChanged())));
}
}
}
看到没,最后providers去调用了load方法。
结语
就上面的控制台代码来说IConfigurationSource对应的实现是JsonConfigurationSource;IConfigurationProvider,抽象类ConfigurationProvider对应的实现为JsonConfigurationProvider。如果我们要换成别的文件格式呢?比如ini,怎样自定义配置源呢?大家可以先想想,其实也很简单,下次跟大家分享。
最后说真的,.netCore源码真的特别优秀,很值得花一番时间去看看!从其中可以学到许多架构知识!
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