《Design Patterns Explained》之面向对象

面向对象中涉及的方方面面整理:

  1. 规则:尝试考虑设计中什么应该是可变的,对变化的东西进行封装。并且最重要的是“优先使用对象聚集,而不是类继承”
  2. 方法或者事物经常被别误用,这使得新方法或者新事物名声不佳。比如:C++指针,对象继承等
  3. 当面向对象设计成为主流时,“重用”曾经被吹捧为它的主要优点之一。为了实现“重用”,教学中总是强调应该找到已有的东西,用派生类的形式对其进行小幅修改。但,这是不合理的。重用的设计并不是使用面向对象方法的主要原因。降低维护成本和使代码更加灵活(更加容易扩展)这才是更重要的因素。使用正确的面向对象技术当然可能实现重用,但并不是通过直接使用该对象,然后由其它派生新的变体对其重用即可达到的。这样的结果是产生难以维护的低吗。
  4. 针对接口进行编程,而不是针对实现进行编程。
  5. 优先使用对象组合,而不是继承。
  6. 充分考虑设计中什么是可变的。
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