Sun在java5中，对java线程的类库做了大量的扩展，其中线程池就是java5的新特征之一。除此之外，还有很多与多线程编程相关的内容。

　　线程池的思想是一种对象池的思想，开放一块内存空间，里面存放了众多（未死亡）的线程，池中线程执行调度由池管理器来处理。当有线程任务时，从池中取一个，执行完毕，对象归还给池。这样可以避免反复创建线程对象所带来的性能开销，节省了系统的资源。

　　在Java5之前，要实现一个线程池是相当有难度的，现在Java5为我们做好了一切，我们只需要按照提供的API来使用，即可享受线程池带来的极大便利。

　　Java5的线程池分好多种：固定尺寸的线程池、可变尺寸连接池等。

　　在使用线程池之前，必须知道如何去创建一个线程池，在Java5中，需要了解的是java.util.concurrent.Executors类的API，这个类提供大量创建连接池的静态方法，是必须掌握的。

　　一、固定大小的线程池

 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
/**
  * 
  * @author hxm
  *
  */
 public class TestThread {
     public static void main(String args[]){
         //创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池
         ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
         
         //创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor，以无界队列方式来运行该线程。
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
         //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
         Thread t1 = new MyThread();
         Thread t2 = new MyThread();
         Thread t3 = new MyThread();
         Thread t4 = new MyThread();
         Thread t5 = new MyThread();
         //将线程放入池中进行执行
         pool.execute(t1);
         pool.execute(t2);
         pool.execute(t3);
         pool.execute(t4);
         pool.execute(t5);
         //关闭线程池
         pool.shutdown();
     }
 }
  class MyThread extends Thread{
      
      @Override
      public void run(){
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
      }
  }
 pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-3 is running...
pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-4 is running...

二、单任务线程池

 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 /**
  * 
  * @author hxm
  *
  */
 public class TestThread {
     public static void main(String args[]){
         //创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor，以无界队列方式来运行该线程。
         ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
         //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
         Thread t1 = new MyThread();
         Thread t2 = new MyThread();
         Thread t3 = new MyThread();
         Thread t4 = new MyThread();
         Thread t5 = new MyThread();
         //将线程放入池中进行执行
         pool.execute(t1);
         pool.execute(t2);
         pool.execute(t3);
         pool.execute(t4);
         pool.execute(t5);
         //关闭线程池
         pool.shutdown();
     }
 }
  class MyThread extends Thread{
      
      @Override
      public void run(){
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
      }
  }

pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...

对于以上两种连接池，大小都是固定的，当要加入的池的线程（或者任务）超过池最大尺寸时候，则进入此线程池需要排队等待。一旦池中有线程完毕，则排队等待的某个线程会入池执行。

三、 可变尺寸的线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 /**
  * 
  * @author hxm
  *
  */
 public class TestThread {
     public static void main(String args[]){
         //创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池，但是在以前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。
         ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
         //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
         Thread t1 = new MyThread();
         Thread t2 = new MyThread();
         Thread t3 = new MyThread();
         Thread t4 = new MyThread();
         Thread t5 = new MyThread();
         //将线程放入池中进行执行
         pool.execute(t1);
         pool.execute(t2);
         pool.execute(t3);
         pool.execute(t4);
         pool.execute(t5);
         //关闭线程池
         pool.shutdown();
     }
 }
  class MyThread extends Thread{
      
      @Override
      public void run(){
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
      }
  }

pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-3 is running...
pool-1-thread-5 is running...
pool-1-thread-4 is running...

四、延迟连接池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * 
  * @author hxm
  *
  */
 public class TestThread {
     public static void main(String args[]){
         //创建一个线程池，它可安排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行
         ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
         //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
         Thread t1 = new MyThread();
         Thread t2 = new MyThread();
         Thread t3 = new MyThread();
         Thread t4 = new MyThread();
         Thread t5 = new MyThread();
         //将线程放入池中进行执行
         pool.execute(t1);
         pool.execute(t2);
         pool.execute(t3);
          //使用延迟执行风格的方法 
         pool.schedule(t4, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 
         pool.schedule(t5, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 
 
         //关闭线程池
         pool.shutdown();
     }
 }
  class MyThread extends Thread{
      
      @Override
      public void run(){
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
      }
  }

pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...

五、单任务延迟连接池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 
 * @author hxm
 *
 */
public class TestThread {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        //创建一个线程池，它可安排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行
        ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
        //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
        Thread t1 = new MyThread();
        Thread t2 = new MyThread();
        Thread t3 = new MyThread();
        Thread t4 = new MyThread();
        Thread t5 = new MyThread();
        //将线程放入池中进行执行
        pool.execute(t1);
        pool.execute(t2);
        pool.execute(t3);
         //使用延迟执行风格的方法 
        pool.schedule(t4, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 
        pool.schedule(t5, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 

        //关闭线程池
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}
 class MyThread extends Thread{
     
     @Override
     public void run(){
         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
     }
 }

pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...

六、自定义线程池

代码

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/--> 1 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * 
  * @author hxm
  *
  */
 public class TestThread {
     public static void main(String args[]){
           //创建等待队列 
         BlockingQueue<Runnable> bqueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(20); 
         //创建一个单线程执行程序，它可安排在给定延迟后运行命令或者定期地执行。 
         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,3,2,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,bqueue); 
 
         //创建实现了runnable接口的对象
         Thread t1 = new MyThread();
         Thread t2 = new MyThread();
         Thread t3 = new MyThread();
         Thread t4 = new MyThread();
         Thread t5 = new MyThread();
         //将线程放入池中进行执行
         pool.execute(t1);
         pool.execute(t2);
         pool.execute(t3);
         pool.execute(t4);
         pool.execute(t5);
         //关闭线程池
         pool.shutdown();
     }
 }
  class MyThread extends Thread{
      
      @Override
      public void run(){
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...");
     try { 
          Thread.sleep(100L); 
      } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
              e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
      }
  }

pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-2 is running...
pool-1-thread-1 is running...
pool-1-thread-2 is running...

里面的内容还有待在实际使用中更深入的理解消化！！！！

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