定时器c++11简单实现_功能增强_迅速停止

        业务上需要实现一个简单的定时器，之前参考了CSDN上的帖子C++定时器，review和测试下来发现不能满足需求。需求是，提供启停接口，且要求停止时能迅速返回，而不是陷在上一轮休眠中。这个需求比较合理，因为显然不能使，停止定时器的时长依赖外部传入的定时周期。比如传入一个很大的周期，那可能停止耗时非常久。

        实现原理比较简单，核心点如下：

• 启动一个线程做循环：执行任务+sleep（启动定时器）
• 循环可被外界打断（停止定时器）
• sleep可被外界打断（迅速停止，而不是陷在sleep中

        “循环被外界打断”，可以用多线程+共享变量+锁；“sleep可被外界打断”，可以用条件变量的wait_for(lock, duration, predicate)接口。 

#ifndef _TIMER_H_
#define _TIMER_H_
 
#include <functional>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
 
class Timer
{
public:
	Timer(): m_expired(true), m_try_to_expire(false)
	{}
 
	Timer(const Timer& timer)
	{
		m_expired = timer.m_expired.load();
		m_try_to_expire = timer.m_try_to_expire.load();
	}
 
	~Timer()
	{
		stop();
	}
 
	void start(int interval, std::function<void()> task)
	{
		// is started, do not start again
		if (m_expired == false)
			return;
 
		// start async timer, launch thread and wait in that thread
		m_expired = false;
		std::thread([this, interval, task]() {
			while (!m_try_to_expire)
			{
				task();
				std::unique_lock<std::mutex> locker(m_mutex);
				m_expired_cond.wait_for(locker, std::chrono::milliseconds(interval), [] {return (m_try_to_expire == true);});
			}
 
			{
				// timer be stopped, update the condition variable expired and wake main thread
				std::lock_guard<std::mutex> locker(m_mutex);
				m_expired = true;
				m_expired_cond.notify_one();
			}
		}).detach();
	}
 
	void stop()
	{
		// do not stop again
		if (m_expired)
			return;
 
		if (m_try_to_expire)
			return;

		//notify timer thread to stop
		{
			std::lock_guard<std::mutex> locker(m_mutex);
			m_try_to_expire = true;
			m_expired_cond.notify_one();
		}

		// wait until timer stop
		{
			std::unique_lock<std::mutex> locker(m_mutex);
			m_expired_cond.wait(locker, [this] {return (m_expired == true);});
 
			// reset the timer
			if (m_expired == true)
				m_try_to_expire = false;
		}
	}
 
private:
	std::atomic<bool> m_expired; // timer stopped status
	std::atomic<bool> m_try_to_expire; // timer is in stop process
	std::mutex m_mutex;
	std::condition_variable m_expired_cond;
};
 
#endif // !_TIMER_H_