使用 OpenSSL 库实现对称加密解密算法 DES 和 AES 的步骤如下：
1. 引入 OpenSSL 库头文件和链接库：
```c
#include <openssl/des.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
// 链接库需要添加 -lcrypto 参数
```
2. 生成密钥：
```c
DES_cblock key_des;
DES_random_key(&key_des);
```
```c
unsigned char key_aes[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
RAND_bytes(key_aes, AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
```
3. 初始化加密解密上下文：
```c
DES_key_schedule schedule;
DES_set_key(&key_des, &schedule);
```
```c
AES_KEY key_aes;
AES_set_encrypt_key(key_aes, 128, &key_aes);
AES_set_decrypt_key(key_aes, 128, &key_aes);
```
4. 加密解密数据：
```c
DES_encrypt1(input, output, &schedule);
DES_decrypt1(input, output, &schedule);
```
```c
AES_encrypt(input, output, &key_aes);
AES_decrypt(input, output, &key_aes);
```
完整的示例代码如下所示：
```c
#include <openssl/des.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
// DES加密解密
DES_cblock key_des;
DES_random_key(&key_des);
unsigned char input_des[] = "Hello, world!";
unsigned char output_des[32];
DES_key_schedule schedule;
DES_set_key(&key_des, &schedule);
DES_encrypt1(input_des, output_des, &schedule);
DES_decrypt1(output_des, input_des, &schedule);
printf("DES decrypted message: %s\n", input_des);
// AES加密解密
unsigned char key_aes[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
RAND_bytes(key_aes, AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
unsigned char input_aes[] = "Hello, world!";
unsigned char output_aes[32];
AES_KEY aes_key;
AES_set_encrypt_key(key_aes, 128, &aes_key);
AES_encrypt(input_aes, output_aes, &aes_key);
AES_set_decrypt_key(key_aes, 128, &aes_key);
AES_decrypt(output_aes, input_aes, &aes_key);
printf("AES decrypted message: %s\n", input_aes);
return 0;
}
```
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