四：Capturing the Requirements

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一、The requirements process

What is a requirement?

【选择题】

• The requirements are （ testable ） if they could clearly demonstrate whether the eventual product meets the requirement.
• “The system should be constructed so that it will be easy to add new functionality in the future.” This requirement is （ unverifiable ）
• 

二、Requirements elicitation

三、Types of requirement

1.Functional requirements功能需求

【选择题】

• “This book managing system provides the functions of book registration，student lending，and book searching” is a （ Functional requirements ）

2.Quality requirements/nonfunctional requirements质量需求/非功能需求

【选择题】
“The system shall respond in less than 2 seconds with the answer.（快速响应）” belongs to (quality requirement)

3.Design constraint

4.Process constraint

四、Resolving conflicts – priority

五、Two kinds of requirements documents

Requirements definition
Requirements specification

六、Modeling notations

记住各自Modeling notation和对应UML notation的。
【选择题】

• The UML notation --( use case diagram ) is similar to a top-level data-flow diagram that depicts observable, user-initiated functionality in terms of interactions between the system and its environment.

1.Entity-relationship diagrams（E-R图）

（1）Definition

【简答题】

• describe Entity-relationship diagrams
  E-R图：表示概念模型的一种方法，包含实体、联系和属性三个要素

（2）Three elements

• 实体：矩形
• 联系：菱形
• 属性：标注

（3）Properties/application

（4）UML class diagrams类图

2.Event traces事件踪迹

（1）Definition

【简答题】

• describe the event trace
  事件踪迹：关于现实世界实体之间交换的事件序列的图形描述。

（2）Properties/application

（3）UML sequence diagrams序列图

3.State machines状态机

（1）Definition

【简答题】

• describe the State machines
  状态机：描述了系统与环境之间的所有对话。

（2）Two elements

（3）Properties/application

（4）UML statechart diagrams状态图

4.Data-flow diagrams (DFD)数据流图

（1）Definition

【简答题】

• describe the data-flow diagram(DFD)
  数据流图：对功能以及从一个功能到另一个功能的数据流建模。

（2）Four elements

（3）Properties/application

（4）UML use case diagrams用例图

5.Functions and relations

Decision table

题：
【应用题】

七、Prototyping requirements

1.Rapid prototyping

Throwaway prototyping
Evolutionary prototyping

2.Prototyping vs. modeling

八、Requirements documentation需求文档

【选择题】
( Programmers ）are NOT direct users of a requirement documents.