Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL

Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL

Installation of MySQL generally follows the steps outlined here:

1. Determine whether MySQL runs and is supported on your platform.
2. Choose which distribution to install
3. Download the distribution that you want to install.
4. Install the distribution.
5. Perform any necessary postinstallation setup

2.1 General Installation Guidance

我只看 2.1.2 和2.1.3

2.1.2 Which MySQL Version and Distribution to Install

mysql-8.0.1-dmr are interpreted as follows:

• 8 is the major version number.
• 0 is the minor version number.
• 1 is the version number within the release series. This is incremented for each new bugfix release.
  Release names can also include a suffix to indicate the stability level of the release.
• dmr indicates a development milestone release.
• rc indicates a Release Candidate.
• Absence of a suffix indicates a General Availability or Production release.

2.1.3 How to Get MySQL

下载地址

2.9 Installing MySQL from Source

官网推荐 binary distribution, 但我的 glibc 是 2.28

2.9.1 Source Installation Methods

• Use a standard MySQL source distribution.
• Use a MySQL development tree.

2.9.2 Source Installation Prerequisites

• CMake, which is used as the build framework on all platforms.

apt-get install -y cmake

• A good make program.
• MySQL 8.0 source code permits use of C++14 features.
  • GCC 5.3(Linux)
• The MySQL C API requires a C++ or C99 compiler to compile.

sudo apt-get install g++ , 进入下一个坑
我不知道 C99 compiler 是什么东西；希望 OS 自带吧, 并不自带，下载g++

• An SSL library is required for support of encrypted connections, entropy for random number generation, and other encryption-related operations.

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

• The Boost C++ libraries are required to build MySQL.

mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
cd /usr/local/boost/
wget https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.72.0/source/boost_1_72_0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf boost_1_72_0.tar.gz
sudo cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

• The ncurses library.

sudo apt-get install -y libncurses5-dev

• Sufficient free memory.

2.9.3 MySQL Layout for Source Installation

Installs files under /usr/local/mysql.

2.9.4 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution

Perform Preconfiguration Setup

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

Obtain and Unpack the Distribution

tar zxvf mysql-version.tar.gz

Configure the Distribution

cd mysql-version
mkdir bld
cd bld
cmake ../mysql-src

To prevent old object files or configuration information from being used:

make clean
rm CMakeCache.txt

check the files in the CMakeFiles directory for useful information about the failure.

Build the Distribution

make
make VERBOSE=1

Install the Distribution

make install
make install DESTDIR="/opt/mysql"
make package

2.9.5 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree

这是另外一种源码安装方式，我就不看了

2.9.6 Configuring SSL Library Support

CMake configures the distribution to use the installed OpenSSL library by default.
To compile using OpenSSL:

1. Ensure that OpenSSL 1.0.1 or highter is installed on your system.

openssl version

2. The WITH_SSL CMake option determines which SSL libraty to use for compiling MySQL. The default is -DWITH_SSL=system.
3. Compile and install the distribution

To check whether a mysqld server supports encrypted connections:

show variables like 'have_ssl';

2.9.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options

For information about options supported by CMake:

cmake . -LH
ccmake .

Configuration option description indicate the corresponding mysqld startup option.

The following section provide more information about CMake options

有点多，我不想看

2.9.8 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL

• To define which C and C++ compilers to use, you can define the CC and CXX environment variables.

CC=gcc
CXX=g++
export CC CXX

2.9.9 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools

2.9.10 Generating MySQL Doxygen Documentation Content

PlantUML 我是第二次见， 我就下载了， 看样子很好用，看来又得看文档了
我没有去实践，比较遗憾

2.10 Postinstallation Setup and Testing

2.10.1 Initializing the Data Directory

Data Directory Initializtion Overview

1. Change location to the top-level directory of your MySQL installation.

cd /usr/local/mysql

我的应该实在 bld 下面， 手册为什么是 /usr/local/mysql, 我也不知道，接着往下看
原来 手册没有错， 是我太菜鸡， 看了一下， 下面确实有bin目录, 可能是 make install 生成的
本人 java , 不懂c的编译过程

2. The secure_file_priv system variable limits import and export operations to a specific directory.Create a directory whose location can be specified as the value of that variables:

mkdir mysql-files
chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
chmod 750 mysql-files

3. Use the server to initialize the data directory, including the mysql schema containing the initial MySQL grant tables that determine how users are permitted to connect to the server.

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

这儿会有一个临时密码

4. Deploy the server with automatic support for secure connections.

bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

5. In the absence of any option files, the server starts with its default settings. To explicitly options that the MySQL server should use at startup, put them in /etc/my.cnf.
6. To arrange for MySQL to start without manual intervention at system boot time.

下面会讲

7. Creates time zone tables in the mysql schema but does not populate them.

第五章会讲 mysql 怎么读本地时区

Data Directory Initializtion Procedure

基本上和上一小节一样， 很不幸， 我没有把临时密码给保存下来。
我把data 目录删了，最好是重命名， 又重新执行一遍， password:(aCl.on,C9=o nTUUUNxuH5>i

• Use --initialize for “secure by default” installation, generate a temp password.

Use --initialize-insecure, no root password is generated.

Server Actions During Data Directory Initializtion

mysqld performs the following actions duriing the data directory installation sequence:

1. The server checks for the existence of the data directory.
2. Within the data directory, the server creates the mysql system schema ant its tables, including the data dictionary tables, grant tables, time zone tables, and server-side help tables.
3. The server initializes the system tablespace and related data structures needed to manage InnoDB tables.
4. Creates a ‘root’@‘localhost’ superuser account and other reserved accounts.
5. Populates the server-side help tables used for the HELP statement.
6. If the init_file system variable was given to name a file of SQL statements, executes the file.
7. Exits.

Post-Initialization root Password Assignment

1. Start the server.

后面会讲

2. Connect to the server:

mysql -u root -p

3. Use an alter user statement to assign a new root password:

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root-password';

2.10.2 Starting the Server

2.10.2.1 Troubleshooting Problems Starting the MySQL Server

Start the MySQL server like this:

bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

2.10.3 Testing the Server

Add the bin directory to your PATH environment variable setting.

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH

mysqladmin -uroot -p version
mysqladmin -uroot -p variables

Verify that you can shut down the server:

mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown

Start again.

mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

我以为配置环境变量就行了， 原来还要配置 /etc/sudoers , 这个系统刚装的不太熟, 我设置一个符号链接， 然后sudo mysqld 就行

chmod 750 data

mysqlshow
mysqlshow mysql
mysql -e "select user, host, plugin from mysql.user" mysql

2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account

前面做过一次

2.10.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically

use mysqld_safe, mysql.server, mysqld

我感觉是我没有配置my.cnf的原因，我得去配置一个, 这部分没说什么。
原来是 /etc/sudoers 的问题

2.11 Updrading MySQL

剩下三小节我不看了