字节流套接字上的read和write函数所表现的行为不同于通常的文件I/O。字节流套接字上调用的read和write输入或输出的字节数可能比请求的数量少,然而这不是出错的状态,这个现象的原因在于内核中用于套接字的缓冲区可能已达到了极限, 此时所需要的是调用者再次调用read和write函数,以输入或输出剩余的字节。为防止万一,不让实现返回一个不足的字节计数值,我们总是改为调用readn和writen函数来实现:如下:
#include "unp.h"
ssize_t readn(int filedes, void *buff, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t writen(int filedes, const void *buf, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t readline(int filedes, void *buff, size_t maxlen);
函数实现如下:
#include "unp.h"
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nread;
char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while(nleft > 0){
if((nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0){
if(errno = EINTR)
nread = 0;
else
return -1;
}else if(nread == 0)
break;
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return (n-nleft);
}
#include "unp.h"
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwriten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while(nleft > 0){
if((nwrite = write(fd, ptr,nleft)) <= 0){
if(nwriten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwriten = 0;
else
return -1;
}
nleft -= nwriten;
ptr += nwriten;
}
return n;
}
#include "unp.h"
ssize_t readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen)
{
ssize_t n, rc;
char c, *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
for(n = 1; n < maxlen; n++){
again:
if((rc = read(fd, &c, 1)) == 1){
*ptr++ = c;
if(c == '\n')
break;
}else if(rc == 0){
*ptr = 0;
return (n-1);
}else{
if(errno == EINTR)
goto again;
return -1;
}
}
*ptr = 0;
return n;
}