今天来看看一个比较头疼的问题,如何在数据库中存储树形结构呢?像mysql这样的关系型数据库,比较适合存储一些类似表格的扁平化数据,但是遇到像树形结构就很难驾驭了。举个栗子:现在有一个要存储一下公司的人员结构,大致层次结构如下:
那么怎么存储这个结构?并且要获取以下信息:
- 查询小天的直接上司。
- 查询老宋管理下的直属员工。
- 查询小天的所有上司。
- 查询老王管理的所有员工。
答案是使用邻接表(Adjacency List),只存储当前节点的父节点信息。
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`eid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`ename` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`position` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`eid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
记录信息简单粗暴,那么现在存储一下这个结构信息:
好的,现在来看下上面的问题SQL要怎么写:
1、查询小天的直接上司
select e2.eid,e2.ename,e2.position
from employees e1,employees e2
where e1.parent_id=e2.eid and e1.ename = "小天";
2、查询老宋管理下的直属员工
SELECT e1.eid, e1.ename
FROM employees e1,employees e2
WHERE e1.parent_id = e2.eid
AND e2.ename = '老宋';
3、查询小天的所有上司
这里肯定没法直接查,只能用循环进行循环查询,先查直接上司,再查直接上司的直接上司,依次循环,这样麻烦的事情,还是得先建立一个存储过程:睁大眼睛看仔细了,接下来是骚操作环节
CREATE FUNCTION `getSuperiors`(`uid` int) RETURNS varchar(1000)
BEGIN
DECLARE superiors VARCHAR(1000) DEFAULT '';
DECLARE sTemp INTEGER DEFAULT uid;
DECLARE tmpName VARCHAR(20);
WHILE (sTemp>0) DO
SELECT parent_id into sTemp FROM employees where eid = sTemp;
SELECT ename into tmpName FROM employees where eid = sTemp;
IF(sTemp>0)THEN
SET superiors = concat(tmpName,',',superiors);
END IF;
END WHILE;
SET superiors = LEFT(superiors,CHARACTER_LENGTH(superiors)-1);
RETURN superiors;
END
这一段存储过程可以查询子节点的所有父节点,来试验一下:
显然,这样。获取子节点的全部父节点的时候很麻烦
4、查询老王管理的所有员工
思路如下:先获取所有父节点为老王id的员工id,然后将员工姓名加入结果列表里,在调用一个神奇的查找函数,即可进行神奇的查找
CREATE FUNCTION `getSubordinate`(`uid` int) RETURNS varchar(2000)
BEGIN
DECLARE str varchar(1000);
DECLARE cid varchar(100);
DECLARE result VARCHAR(1000);
SET str = '$';
SET cid = CAST(uid as char(10));
WHILE cid is not null DO
SET str = concat(str, ',', cid);
SELECT group_concat(eid) INTO cid FROM employees where FIND_IN_SET(parent_id,cid);
END WHILE;
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(ename) INTO result FROM employees WHERE FIND_IN_SET(parent_id,str);
RETURN result;
END;
看神奇的结果:
公司架构:
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` FUNCTION `findCompanyChildrens`(rootId INT) RETURNS varchar(4000) CHARSET utf8
BEGIN
DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR (4000);
DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR (4000);
DECLARE sTempCount INT;
set sTempCount = 0;
SET sTemp = '$';
SET sTempChd = cast(rootId AS CHAR);
SET sTemp = CONCAT(sTemp, ',', sTempChd);
WHILE sTempChd IS NOT NULL and sTempChd != 0 and sTempChd != 10 DO
SELECT
count(1) INTO sTempCount
FROM
sp_company
WHERE is_deleted = 0 and FIND_IN_SET(parent_company_id, sTempChd) > 0;
if sTempCount > 0 then
SELECT
group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd
FROM
sp_company
WHERE is_deleted = 0 and
FIND_IN_SET(parent_company_id, sTempChd) > 0;
SET sTemp = CONCAT(sTemp, ',', sTempChd);
ELSE
SET sTempChd = 0;
end if;
END
WHILE;
RETURN sTemp;
END
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` FUNCTION `findCompanyRoot`(companyId INT) RETURNS int(11)
BEGIN
DECLARE sTemp INT;
DECLARE sTempChd INT;
DECLARE sTempCount INT;
declare runCnt int;
set sTempCount = 0;
SET sTemp = 1;
SET sTempChd = companyId;
set runCnt = 0;
WHILE sTempChd is not null and sTempChd != 0 and sTempChd != 1 and sTempChd != 10 and runCnt < 5 DO
SET sTemp = sTempChd;
set runCnt = runCnt +1;
SELECT
count(1) INTO sTempCount
FROM
sp_company
WHERE is_deleted = 0 and id = sTempChd;
if sTempCount > 0 then
SELECT
parent_company_id INTO sTempChd
FROM
sp_company
WHERE is_deleted = 0 and id = sTempChd;
ELSE
SET sTempChd = 1;
end if;
END
WHILE;
RETURN sTemp;
END