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交叉编译器：arm-linux-gcc-4.5.4
linux内核版本：linux-3.0
开发板：飞凌2440
作者：guanlei<995318056@qq.com>
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一 ：内核配置
参考的朋友注意:本文章是在2440开发板已经成果移植linux-3.0内核，usb驱动移植，DM9000网卡驱动和读写的文件系统，这里使用的是jffs2.
从linux-3.0开始，RT3070的STA驱动已经作为正式版本加入了Linux内核源码中，本篇文章主要介绍如何在内核中编译支持RT3070的STA模式驱动，并连接到我的无线路由器上去。
下面的在配置linux3.0内核支持rt3070,在内核中的menuconfig选中重要的一些配置。
[*] Networking support --->
-*- Wireless --->
<*> cfg80211 - wireless configuration API
[ ] nl80211 testmode command
[ ] enable developer warnings
[ ] cfg80211 regulatory debugging
[*] enable powersave by default
[ ] use statically compiled regulatory rules database
[ ] cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility
<*> Common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
[ ] lib80211 debugging messages
<*> Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack (mac80211)
[ ] PID controller based rate control algorithm
[*] Minstrel
[*] Minstrel 802.11n support
Default rate control algorithm (Minstrel) --->
[ ] Enable mac80211 mesh networking (pre-802.11s) support
[ ] Select mac80211 debugging features --->
Device Drivers --->
Generic Driver Options --->
(/sbin/hotplug) path to uevent helper
[ ] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev
[ ] Select only drivers that don't need compile-time external firmware
[ ] Prevent firmware from being built
-*- Userspace firmware loading support
[*] Include in-kernel firmware blobs in kernel binary
() External firmware blobs to build into the kernel binary
[*] Network device support --->
[*] Wireless LAN --->
<*> Ralink driver support --->
--- Ralink driver support
< > Ralink rt2500 (USB) support
< > Ralink rt2501/rt73 (USB) support
<*> Ralink rt27xx/rt28xx/rt30xx (USB) support
[ ] rt2800usb - Include support for rt33xx devices
[ ] rt2800usb - Include support for rt35xx devices (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] rt2800usb - Include support for rt53xx devices (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] rt2800usb - Include support for unknown (USB) devices
[*] Ralink debug output
二：插入RT2070无线网卡并加载新内核启动
>: usb 1-1.4: new full speed USB device number 5 using s3c2410-ohci
usb 1-1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=13d3, idProduct=3273
usb 1-1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 1-1.4: Product: 802.11 n WLAN
usb 1-1.4: Manufacturer: Ralink
usb 1-1.4: SerialNumber: 1.0
phy1 -> rt2x00_set_chip: Info - Chipset detected - rt: 3070, rf: 0005, rev: 0201.
>: ifconfig wlan0
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr E0:B9:A5:41:9B:4D
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
我们可以看到
第一行：连接类型：Ethernet（以太网）HWaddr（硬件mac地址）
第三，四行：接收、发送数据包情况统计
最后一行：接收、发送数据字节数统计信息
注意：这时伱敲ifconfig wlan0 up会出现错误
>: ifconfig wlan0 up
phy0 -> rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Info - Loading firmware file 'rt2870.bin'.
phy0 -> rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Error - Failed to request Firmware.
ifconfig: SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory
按照上的错误信息我们可以知道缺少了 rt2870.bin，因为RT3070的驱动还需要rt2870.bin这个系统固件(firmware)。
解决办法：Linux内核官方站点下载rt2870.bin这个系统固件
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dwmw2/linux-firmware.git
把那个系统固件下载到我们的开发板，
>: tftp -gr rt2870.bin 192.168.1.110
rt2870.bin 100% |*******************************| 8192 0:00:00 ETA
把他放在/lib/firmware中这时再敲ifconfig wlan0 up
>:ifconfig wlan0 up
phy2 -> rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Info - Loading firmware file 'rt2870.bin'.
phy2 -> rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Info - Firmware detected - version: 0.29.
phy2 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 0 - CWmin: 3, CWmax: 4, Aifs: 2, TXop: 102.
phy2 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 1 - CWmin: 4, CWmax: 5, Aifs: 2, TXop: 188.
phy2 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 2 - CWmin: 5, CWmax: 10, Aifs: 3, TXop: 0.
phy2 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 3 - CWmin: 5, CWmax: 10, Aifs: 7, TXop: 0.
三：无线网络配置工具Wireless tools和Wpa_supplicant以及Openssl移植
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目前可以使用wireless-tools或wpa_supplicant工具来配置无线网络。但要注意对无线网络的配置是全局性的，而非针对具体的接口。wpa_supplicant是一个较好的选择，但缺点是它不支持所有的驱动。另外，wpa_supplicant目前只能连接到那些你已经配置好ESSID的无线网络。而wireless-tools支持几乎所有的无线网卡和驱动，但它不能连接到那些只支持WPA的AP。
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（1）wireless_tools.29.tar.gz： 下载地址如下http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/basicnet/wireless_tools.html
#tar zxvf wireless_tools.29.tar.gz
#cd wireless_tools.29
（2）修改makefile(红色是修改的地方)
11 ## Compiler to use (modify this for cross compile).
12 CC =/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc
13 ## Other tools you need to modify for cross compile (static lib only).
14 AR = /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-ar
15 RANLIB =/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-ranlib
（3）#make
[guanlei@centos6 wireless_tools.29]$ ls
19-udev-ifrename.rules iftab.5 iwgetid.8 iwmulticall.c Makefile wireless.15.h
CHANGELOG.h INSTALL iwgetid.c iwpriv PCMCIA.txt wireless.16.h
COPYING iwconfig iwgetid.d iwpriv.8 README wireless.17.h
cs iwconfig.8 iwgetid.o iwpriv.c README.fr wireless.18.h
DISTRIBUTIONS.txt iwconfig.c iwlib.c iwpriv.d sample_enc.c wireless.19.h
fr iwconfig.d iwlib.d iwpriv.o sample_pm.c wireless.20.h
HOTPLUG.txt iwconfig.o iwlib.h iwspy sample_priv_addr.c wireless.21.h
ifrename iwevent iwlib.so iwspy.8 udev.import_devpath.diff wireless.22.h
ifrename.8 iwevent.8 iwlist iwspy.c wireless.10.h wireless.7
ifrename.c iwevent.c iwlist.8 iwspy.d wireless.11.h wireless.h
ifrename.d iwevent.d iwlist.c iwspy.o wireless.12.h
ifrename.o iwevent.o iwlist.d libiw.so.29 wireless.13.h
IFRENAME-VS-XXX.txt iwgetid iwlist.o macaddr.c wireless.14.h
会生成： iwlist、iwconfig、iwpriv，libiw.so.29 把工具和库拷贝到你制作文件系统的/lib ，/bin目录下并修改权限chmod a+x iw* libiw.so.29
2.Openssl工具和wpa_supplicant工具驱动移植
=========================================================================
以wpa_supplicant对我们来说除了配置无线网络的需求之外，它更主要是用来支持WEP，WPA/WPA2和WAPI无线协议和加密认证的。而要加密就要使用到相关的加密算法，常用的密钥等,由于wpa_supplicant依赖openssl库，所以这里我们得先交叉编译openssl
=============================================================================
下载openssl源代码：http://download.csdn.net/detail/u010944778/8918317
[guanlei@centos6 openssl-0.9.8i]$ mkdir install //编译的文件放在这个文件中
29 INSTALLTOP=/home/guanlei/fl2440/3rdparty/rt3070/openssl-0.9.8i/install //指定ssl的安装目录
32 OPENSSLDIR=/home/guanlei/fl2440/3rdparty/rt3070/openssl-0.9.8i/install
62 CC= /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc
69 AR= /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-ar $(ARFLAGS) r
70 RANLIB= /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-ranlib
完成上面的步骤之后。下面就要编译了：
#sudo make
#sudo make install (这里一定要用root权限，否者会出错，显示权限不够)
#ls install/lib/
engines libcrypto.a libssl.a pkgconfig
拷贝libcrypto.a libssl.a到开发板的/lib下
3 下载wpa_supplicant源码
http://w1.fi/releases/
#tar -xzf wpa-supplicant-0.7.3.tar.gz
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant-0.7.3]$ ls
COPYING patches README src wpa_supplicant
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant-0.7.3]$ cd wpa_supplicant/
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant-0.7.3] cp defconfig .config
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant-0.7.3]vim .config
修改如下：
27 #CC=/opt/brcm/hndtools-mipsel-uclibc/bin/mipsel-uclibc-gcc
28 CC= /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc -L/home/guanlei/fl2440/3rdparty/rt3070/openssl-0.9.8i/install/lib
29 #CFLAGS += -Os
30 CFLAGS += -I/home/guanlei/fl2440/3rdparty/rt3070/openssl-0.9.8i/install/include
31 #CPPFLAGS += -I../src/include -I../../src/router/openssl/include
32 #LIBS += -L/opt/brcm/hndtools-mipsel-uclibc-0.9.19/lib -lssl
33 LIBS += -L/home/guanlei/fl2440/3rdparty/rt3070/openssl-0.9.8i/install/lib
修改之后下边就是编译
#make
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant]$ ls
ap.c config.o events.c preauth_test.c wpa_gui-qt4
ap.h config_ssid.h events.d README wpa_passphrase
bgscan.c config_winreg.c events.o README-Windows.txt wpa_passphrase.c
bgscan.h ctrl_iface.c examples README-WPS wpa_passphrase.d
bgscan_simple.c ctrl_iface.d ibss_rsn.c scan.c wpa_passphrase.o
blacklist.c ctrl_iface.h ibss_rsn.h scan.d wpa_priv.c
blacklist.d ctrl_iface_named_pipe.c main.c scan.h wpas_glue.c
blacklist.h ctrl_iface.o main.d scan.o wpas_glue.d
blacklist.o ctrl_iface_udp.c main_none.c sme.c wpas_glue.h
bss.c ctrl_iface_unix.c main.o sme.h wpas_glue.o
bss.d ctrl_iface_unix.d main_symbian.cpp symbian wpa_supplicant
bss.h ctrl_iface_unix.o main_winmain.c tests wpa_supplicant.c
bss.o dbus main_winsvc.c todo.txt wpa_supplicant.conf
ChangeLog defconfig Makefile vs2005 wpa_supplicant.d
config.c doc mlme.c win_example.reg wpa_supplicant_i.h
config.d driver_i.h mlme.h win_if_list.c wpa_supplicant.nsi
config_file.c eapol_test.c nmake.mak wpa_cli wpa_supplicant.o
config_file.d eap_register.c notify.c wpa_cli.c wps_supplicant.c
config_file.o eap_register.d notify.d wpa_cli.d wps_supplicant.h
config.h eap_register.o notify.h wpa_cli.o xcode
config_none.c eap_testing.txt notify.o wpa_gui
[guanlei@centos6 wpa_supplicant]$
安装上面交叉编译出来的一些二进制可执行文件到ARM开发板上边的（上边的绿色文件就是要用的）
下面都是在开发板上完成的
我要用上的wpa_passphrase 工具来生成 wpa_supplicant.conf配置文件
wpa_passphrase ssid psk>>wpa_supplicant.conf (ssid就是你wifi的名字 psk就是密码)
>: wpa_passphrase dashen xiguashaung >> wpa_supplicant.conf （我把密码都暴露出去了！！）
修改后的配置文件如下：cat /apps/etc/wireless/wpa_supplicant.conf
# WPA-PSK/TKIP
# wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/apps/etc/wireless/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="dashen"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK // 加密模式 这里一定要和的你要连的歪坏保持一致
proto=WPA
pairwise=TKIP CCMP
#group=TKIP CCMP //我把这里注释掉了，我的会莫名的出错。。。现在还不清楚原因
psk="xiguashuang" //这里我是使用的明文，你也可以使用加密之后的
#psk=f7c429c4e6d7e83ab648c83409ccffc53b331b58bfb69b5f6a35fa10c45cf8bf
}
鸡冻人心的时候到了！！开始连接了
wpa_supplicant来连接无线路由器
>: wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/apps/etc/wireless/wpa_supplicant.conf
Trying to associate with c8:e7:d8:08:b4:5a (SSID='dashen' freq=2462 MHz)
phy0 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 2 - CWmin: 4, CWmax: 10, Aifs: 3, TXop: 0.
phy0 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 3 - CWmin: 4, CWmax: 10, Aifs: 7, TXop: 0.
phy0 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 1 - CWmin: 3, CWmax: 4, Aifs: 2, TXop: 94.
phy0 -> rt2x00mac_conf_tx: Info - Configured TX queue 0 - CWmin: 2, CWmax: 3, Aifs: 2, TXop: 47.
Associated with c8:e7:d8:08:b4:5a
WPA: Key negotiation completed with c8:e7:d8:08:b4:5a [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP]
CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to c8:e7:d8:08:b4:5a completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]
（ps 上面的过程有点慢 请慢慢等待）
>: iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"dashen"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: C8:E7:D8:08:B4:5A
Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:on
Link Quality=51/70 Signal level=-59 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:15 Invalid misc:25 Missed beacon:0
配置一下无线网卡IP和子网掩码：
>:ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.244 broatcast 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
这时你还可以测试一下 ping一下自己的主机 我的ip:192.168.1.102
>: ifconfig eth0 down
>: ping 192.168.1.102
PING 192.168.1.102 (192.168.1.102): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: seq=0 ttl=64 time=11.123 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.467 ms
如果你想上外网，那么就要给开发板添加DNS域名解析服务！还有添加默认网关！
想ping外网的pay attention !!!
在开发板的/etc/创建一个resolv.conf的文件，因为在内核启动的时候内核会在resolv.conf文件中找dns
>: vi resolv.conf
#search localdomain
nameserver 4.2.2.2
nameserver 8.8.8.8
~
使能source resolv.conf
添加网关
>:route add default gw 192.168.1.1
现在就开始ping baidu!!!
>: ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (103.235.46.39): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 103.235.46.39: seq=0 ttl=50 time=303.388 ms
64 bytes from 103.235.46.39: seq=1 ttl=50 time=433.364 ms
64 bytes from 103.235.46.39: seq=2 ttl=50 time=450.342 ms
--- www.baidu.com ping statistics ---
文章并未完结，预知后事如何请看下次详解
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