BEx Query Designer中的变量及其增强【转自 SAP BW笔记】

写在前面的话:有人问起过我关于报表变量的内容,由于没接触过,当时有点懵;特转载此文章,以备学习只用。 
 
About Variable:
1.Variable 是和InfoObject绑定的,可用于任何含有该IO的query中。
2.Variable有以下几种类型:
  • Characteristic:用于限制Char。
  • Text:用于在报表动态显示文本。
  • Hierarchy:用于限制Hierarchy。
  • Hieararchy Node:用于限制Hierarchy Node。
  • Formula: 可以在公式中使用变量,让用户输入一个数,读取某个Char.的属性(例如Prduct的price属性)等来用于计算。
Offset的应用:设置偏移量
SAP BI Content内置了很多标准变量。当其无法满足需求时,有时仅仅需要设置下偏移量就可以满足需求了。
例如系统已经有了当前月份的变量,通过偏移就可以获得上N个月和下N个月的变量,无需增强。
 
定义Customer Exit Variables(BW 3.x ,BI7 类似)
客户出口变量可以通过程序来处理变量逻辑。定义过程如下:
1.在query designer中,右键单击要建立变量的characteristic,选择New variable.
2.设置为customer exit类型
3.进入CMOD,修改:Enhancement   Exp  RSR00001 BI: Enhancements for Global Variables in Reporting-->Function exit    EXIT_SAPLRRS0_001-->INCLUDE ZXRSRU01 。该Function Module 将在query运行时被调用多次。
3-1:调用前,系统将其他变量的当前值保存在内表 I_T_VAR_RANGE中。The table type is RRS0_T_VAR_RANGE, and row type RRS0_S_VAR_RANGE references structure RRRANGEEXIT.This structure has the following fields:

 

Field

Description

VNAM

Variable name

IOBJNM

InfoObject name

SIGN

(I)ncluding [ ] or (E)xcluding [ ]

OPT

Operators: EQ =, BT [ ], LE <=, LT <, GE >=, GT >, CP, and so on

LOW

Characteristic value

HIGH

Characteristic value of upper limit for intervals or node InfoObject for hierarchy nodes

 

 3-2:每次调用时,系统会传递参数值给Function Module。其中,比较重要的参数如下:

I_STEP 标识了该调用发生的时机:

  •  I_STEP = 1: Call is made directly before variable entry.
  • I_STEP = 2: Call is made directly after variable entry. This step is only _executed if the same variable is not input-ready and could not be filled for I_STEP = 1.
  • I_STEP = 3: In this call, you can check the values of the variables. When an exception (RAISE) is triggered, the variable screen appears again. I_STEP = 2 is then also called again.
  •  I_STEP = 0: The enhancement is not called from the variable screen. The call can originate from the authorization check or from the monitor.

I_VNAM标识了当前要处理的变量。

3-3:完成变量的处理之后,应将变量的值写入E_T_RANGE

Sample Code:

DATA: L_S_RANGE TYPE RSR_S_RANGESID.
DATA: L_S_VAR_RANGE TYPE RRRANGEEXIT. 
CASE I_VNAM.  
     WHEN 'CUMMONTH'.
        IF I_STEP = 2. "after the popup
            READ TABLE I_T_VAR_RANGE INTO L_S_VAR_RANGE WITH KEY VNAM = 'MONTH'.
            IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
                    CLEAR L_S_RANGE.
                    L_S_RANGE-LOW = LOC_VAR_RANGE-LOW(4)."low value, for example, 200601
                    L_S_RANGE-LOW+4(2) = '01'.
                    L_S_RANGE-HIGH = LOC_VAR_RANGE-LOW. "high value = input
                    L_S_RANGE-SIGN = 'I'.
                    L_S_RANGE-OPT = 'BT'.
                   APPEND L_S_RANGE TO E_T_RANGE.
                ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
ENDCASE.
 

查看SAP Exit变量

SAP Exit变量为我们编写customer exit变量提供了很好的参考。
1. SE16 查看表 RSZGLOBV 可以得到系统全部变量的列表,选择process type=SAP Exit,即可获得所有的SAP Exit变量列表
2. SE37 查看 RREX_VARIABLE_EXITRSVAREXIT_ * 可以找到SAP Exit变量的代码
 
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SAP® BW: A Step-by-Step Guide By Biao Fu, Henry Fu Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : July 23, 2002 ISBN : 0-201-70366-1 Pages : 480 SAP BW has recently come to the fore as a valuable tool for developing data warehouses that accurately and effectively support critical business decision making. It facilitates easy-to-use and high-performance extraction, transfer, transformation, and loading of data from a variety of data sources, including such comprehensive business management systems as SAP R/3. This practitioner's guide uses step-by-step instructions complete with a plethora of screen captures to illustrate key SAP BW functionalities. It demonstrates how SAP BW implements the fundamental star schema and solves the major challenges inherent in the creation of data warehouses: performance, reliability, and error-handling. Using a real-world business scenario as a running example, SAP® BW presents a comprehensive view of the technology, from underlying concepts and basic techniques through its most sophisticated capabilities. Specific topics covered include: Creating an InfoCube and loading the data Checking the accuracy of data with BW Monitor and the Persistent Staging Area (PSA) Creating queries to generate reports using Business Explorer (BEx) Managing user authorization with the Profile Generator Advanced InfoCube design techniques Aggregates and multicubes Working with the Operational Data Store (ODS) Installing business content and creating an R/3 source system in BW Loading data from SAP R/3 into SAP BW Data maintenance Performance tuning, including parallel query option and data packet sizing Object transport
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