哲学家就餐问题OpenMP解决

1 问题描述：

假设有五位哲学家围坐在一张圆形餐桌旁，每两个哲学家之间有一只筷子。因为用一根筷子很难吃东西，规定哲学家必须用两根筷子吃东西。

2 分析

以下程序使用三种解决方案实现：semaphore, noorder, nodeadlock

/** 
 * Using OpenMP and C to realize dinning philosopher problem.
 *
 * Three mode of solution function are provided:
 *    semaphore, noorder, nodeadlock
 *
 * gcc -g -Wall -fopenmp -o philosophers mp_dinning_philosopher.c 
 * ./philosophers semaphore 10
 *
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <omp.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <time.h>

#define MSG_MAX 200
int thread_count;

void* Order(void);
void* NoOrder(void);
void* NoDeadLock(void);
void* Usage(char* prog_name);

sem_t* semaphores;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
   long thread;
   void (*dine_func)();
   char* func_name;

   pthread_t* thread_handles;	
   /* Get dinning mode */
   func_name = argv[1];  

   /* Get number of threads. */
   thread_count = strtol(argv[2], NULL, 10);
 
   /* Allocate memory for pthread instance. */
   thread_handles = malloc(thread_count*sizeof(pthread_t));
   
   /* Allocate memory for semaphores. */
   semaphores = malloc(thread_count*sizeof(sem_t));
   
   
   if (strcmp(func_name, "semaphore")==0){

      *(int*)&dine_func=(int)Order;
      /* Initialize semaphores to 0 (locked) except last one. */
      for (thread = 0; thread < thread_count-1; thread++)
         sem_init(&semaphores[thread], 0, 0);
      sem_init(&semaphores[thread], 0, 1);

   }else if (strcmp(func_name, "noorder")==0){

      *(int*)&dine_func=(int)NoOrder;
      /* Initialize all semaphores to 1 (unlocked). */
      for (thread = 0; thread < thread_count; thread++)
         sem_init(&semaphores[thread], 0, 1); 

   }else if (strcmp(func_name, "nodeadlock")==0){
      
      *(int*)&dine_func=(int)NoDeadLock;
      /* Initialize all semaphores to 1 (unlocked). */   
      for (thread = 0; thread < thread_count; thread++)
         sem_init(&semaphores[thread], 0, 1);
   
   }else
      Usage(argv[0]);

   # pragma omp parallel num_threads(thread_count)
   (*dine_func)();
 

   /* Destroy semaphores. */
   for (thread = 0; thread < thread_count; thread++)
      sem_destroy(&semaphores[thread]);

   free(semaphores);
   free(thread_handles);
   return 0; 
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    Order
 * Purpose:     Philosophers dinning in order.
 */
void* Order(void){
   int my_rank = omp_get_thread_num();
   int thread_count = omp_get_num_threads();
   int fork_r = my_rank;
   int fork_l = (my_rank+thread_count-1)%thread_count;
   char* my_msg = malloc(MSG_MAX * sizeof(char));

   sem_wait(&semaphores[fork_l]);
   
   sprintf(my_msg, "Philosopher %d: I get fork %d and fork %d.\n", my_rank, fork_l, fork_r);
   printf("%s\n", my_msg);
   
   sem_post(&semaphores[fork_r]);

   return NULL;
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    NoOrder
 * Purpose:     Philosophers dinning in random (may exist deadlock).
 */
void* NoOrder(void){
   int my_rank = omp_get_thread_num();
   int thread_count = omp_get_num_threads();
   int fork_r = my_rank;
   int fork_l = (my_rank+thread_count-1)%thread_count;
   char* my_msg = malloc(MSG_MAX * sizeof(char));

   sem_wait(&semaphores[fork_r]);
   sem_wait(&semaphores[fork_l]);

   sprintf(my_msg, "Philosopher %d: I get fork %d and fork %d.\n", my_rank, fork_l, fork_r);
   printf("%s\n", my_msg);

   sem_post(&semaphores[fork_r]);
   sem_post(&semaphores[fork_l]);

   return NULL;
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    NoDeadLock
 * Purpose:     Philosophers dinning in random (no deadlock).
 */
void* NoDeadLock(void){ 
   int my_rank = omp_get_thread_num();
   int thread_count = omp_get_num_threads();
   int fork_r = (my_rank+1)%thread_count;
   int fork_m = my_rank;
   int fork_l = (my_rank+thread_count-1)%thread_count;
   char* my_msg = malloc(MSG_MAX * sizeof(char));

   sem_wait(&semaphores[fork_m]); 
   int value_r = sem_trywait(&semaphores[fork_r]);
   int value_l = sem_trywait(&semaphores[fork_l]);

   sprintf(my_msg, "Philosopher %d: I get fork %d and fork %d.\n", my_rank, fork_l, fork_m);
   printf("%s\n", my_msg);

   if(value_r==0)sem_post(&semaphores[fork_r]);
   if(value_l==0)sem_post(&semaphores[fork_l]);

   sem_post(&semaphores[fork_m]);

   return NULL;
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    Usage
 * Purpose:     Print command line for function and terminate
 * In arg:      prog_name
 */
void* Usage(char* prog_name){
   fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <mode of dinning> <number of threads>\n", prog_name);
   exit(0);
}/* exit */